2. Energy balances and energy related GHG emission inventories in France Works initiated by EUROSTAT to reconcile both data sets Jean-Pierre FONTELLE Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d’Etudes de la Pollution Atmosphérique www.citepa.org EC GHG MM - EEA – Copenhagen – 24 & 25 June 2003 Richard LAVERGNE – Louis MEURIC Direction générale de l’énergie et des matières premières Observatoire de l’Energie www.industrie.gouv.fr/energie

3. National institutions responsible for Energy and GHG emissions Energy Steering Committee (Ministries, statiscal bodies, etc.) Energy Office (Observatoire de l’Energie) Joint International Questionnaire EUROSTAT, IEA, etc. National Energy Balance Stat. Office on Industry (SESSI) Statist. Office on Agriculture (SCEES) Ministry of Agriculture Other administrations and non public organisations (other data) Annual survey on Energy for Industry USERS, Including CITEPA responsible for GHG inventory compilation RA SA Ministry of Industry

4. National institutions responsible for Energy and GHG emissions GHG Emissions (and non GHG) Several different public and private organisations, including Energy Office (Observatoire de l’Energie) CITEPA inventory compilation of CRF and NIR reports (NFR, LCP, NEC, CAFE, … projections) UNFCCC, EC MIES (Interministerial Task Force on Climate Change) Ministry of Environment Other ministries and MIES VALIDATION GHG only UNECE, EC, … other applic.

5. National procedures and (legal) basis 1. Administrative Collection of Data  Oil Law of 31 December 1992  Electricity Law of 10 February 2000 + Decree of 18 June 2002 for Statistics on Electricity  Gas Law of 3 January 2003 + Decree in preparation for Statistics on Gas En ergy 3. International Commitments on Energy  IEA, EU Questionnaires (Energy Balances, Monthly Questionaires,…) 2. Statistical Surveys  Mandatory surveys (Statistical Law of 1951) on Electricity, Gas, District Heating, Energy Consumption in Industry  Volontary Syndicate Surveys on Energy Consumption in Transport, Services, Domestic and on Renewables

6. National procedures and (legal) basis  International commitments  EC GHG MM decision : GHG inventory on the basis of UNFCCC requirements  EC directives (IPPC / EPER and CO 2 )  UNFCCC : GHG inventory requirements  UNECE : relevant for indirect GHG gases (SO 2, NOx, NMVOCs, CO) GHG emissions  National regulations  Environment Code – book II, title II, chapter I, art. L221-6 on emission inventories in general, to be produced every year  Emission balances (especially on GHGs every year), registers  Procedure : a unique emission inventory system for almost all substances (GHGs and others substances for all applications)

7. National procedures and (legal) basis 1. Administrative Collection of Data  Oil Law of 31 December 1992  Electricity Law of 10 February 2000 + Decree of 18 June 2002 for Statistics on Electricity  Gas Law of 3 January 2003 + Decree in preparation for Statistics on Gas En ergy 3. International Commitments on Energy  IEA, EU Questionnaires (Energy Balances, Monthly Questionaires,…) 2. Statistical Surveys  Mandatory surveys (Statistical Law of 1951) on Electricity, Gas, District Heating, Energy Consumption in Industry  Volontary Syndicate Surveys on Energy Consumption in Transport, Services, Domestic and on Renewables

8. Simplified flow chart of the National Inventory System for GHGs Specifications from demands (UNFCCC, EC, UNECE, national authorities,…) National Inventory System specifications Definition of reference nomenclatures, methods, type of data, data providers, etc. Several different sources and providers including energy statistics organisations Data collection Data treatment (validation, verification, calculation, confidentiality, …) Reporting (preparation of data sets and reports) National Commitee Ministry of Environment, Industry, Transport, Agriculture, MIES, … Final report and CRF Submission to relevant national and international bodies Public dissemination www.citepa.org Storage of all data and infor- mation Validation / verification

9. Experience with quality, consistency and timeliness Energy data  Quality : globally good but structure not appropriate for estimating GHG emission, as requested by the UNFCCC guidelines  Consistency : regarding CRF classification, contribution to total emissions by sector and fuel needs to be improved using various sources and external assumptions  Timeliness : very good for global figures but sectoral data and figures for reference approach are not available in time

10. Timeliness (energy and emission data availability) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Year N+1 Year N+2 Energy data GHG emiss. 1 2 3 456 A BDE ECUN data collection and treatment Delivery of provisional national energy balance for the year N 1 2 Delivery of consolidated national energy balance for the year N Sectoral energy balance for industry (except food industry) for the year N 3 4 Sectoral energy balance of food industry for the year N Availability of validated IEA figures to CITEPA (data used for the RA) 5 6 Delivery of revised national enegy balance for the year N A GHG / CRF emissions and main reporting elements (draft) B Validation of GHG emissions C GHG inv. report delivered to national authorities C D GHG emission report submitted to international bodies (EC and UNFCCC) E GHG report and data available on Internet (www.citepa.org) ECUN Deadlines for EC and UNFCCC !!!

11. Lessons and concrete actions from EUROSTAT project  Study commissioned by the Energy Office on EUROSTAT’s initiative and carried out by CEPII (Nina Kousnetzoff and Sophie Chauvin), independant body with the collaboration of Observatoire de l’Energie (Richard Lavergne) and CITEPA (Jean-Pierre Fontelle)  Work is finalised and the report will be available soon  Very useful study for all participants. Very fruitful exchanges of information. CEPII : Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales (Centre for Forward Studies and International Information)  Identification of problems and areas of progress. Points raised concern both the national level and the international level (eg. discussion with IEA on energy data)

12. Lessons and concrete actions from EUROSTAT project (cont’d)  The Reference Approach yields non relevant results due to inconsistencies in IEA figures :  Instructions to fill in or use the common questionnaire is not sufficiently clear  Oil data are based on import quantity and differ from oil consumption (statistical problem : import < consumption)  National data submitted to IEA are not consistent with national energy balance used for GHG inventories (before 2000)  Emissions resulting from the sectoral approach are not directly affected by this study. However, some improvements in energy statistics could affect GHG emissions (probably limited in terms of total GHG emissions but possibly more significant by sector or energy type) and therefore could have an effect on the level of uncertainty. Main results

13. Lessons and concrete actions from EUROSTAT project (cont’d)  Recommendation to the energy statistics to encourage provision of more appropriate data for GHG inventory (especially data split according to GHG inventory classification)  Develop technical guidance information to collect, to compile and to use correctly energy statistics at the national and international levels Concrete actions  Improve the exchange between the energy data provider (Observatoire de l’Energie – Energy office) and the inventory provider (CITEPA), possibly by developping a more official concertation  Changes in energy statistics for all years retrospectively to 1990 seems to be not possible at this time Current limits