1. Towards proactive computing systems Leo Motus and Merik Meriste Tallinn University of Technology and University of Tartu 21st January 20081Laboratory for Proactive Technologies

2. Alternative research approaches Divide and rule approach (extensive research) e.g. in computer science: focusing on components -- methods, tools, and theory developed for Turing computation; the mainstream research from1960 up to 1980 and further Understanding the essence (intensive research) e.g. in computer science: focusing on interaction of components – discussions on the essence of super-Turing computation, respective methods, tools, and applications; resumed in mid 1970-es and gaining popularity due to large number of ubiquitous computing applications Compare also with the message by P. Anderson (1972) ”More is different” 21st January 2008Laboratory for Proactive Technologies2

3. Explicit and implicit interactions 21st January 2008Laboratory for Proactive Technologies3 Environment Computer 1 Computer 2 Computer 3 Computer 4

4. Laboratory for Proactive Technologies4 A generic building block of the world [J.Liu, K.C. Tsui Toward nature-inspired computing. 59-64, CACM, 2006] 21st January 2008

5. Laboratory for Proactive Technologies5 action situational awareness Situation aware non-algorithmic Non-algorithmic Algorithmic Partially controlled Proactive Topological time Topological and metric time + other notions of SA Conventional models of computation Interactive computing Situation aware interactive computing Models of computation situational awareness interaction 21st January 2008

6. Laboratory for Proactive Technologies6 Computing in a proactive system Sequential Interaction Machines Persistent Turing machine Multi-stream Interaction Machines Situation-aware, Multi-stream Interaction Machines Algorithmically parallel execution Time-constraint algorithm theory Algorithmic approach (Turing machines, Petri nets, etc) e.g. temporal logic, timed automata, timed Petri nets 21st January 2008

7. Laboratory for Proactive Technologies7 Sequential interaction machine is based on the concept of Persistent Turing Machine (PTM): PTM is a history-aware Turing machine “Turing machines, transition systems, and interaction” Information and Computation 194 (2004) 101-128, by Goldin D, et alii. output (o1)output (o2)output (o3)output (o4) initial state input (i0) input (o1,i1) input (o1,o2,i2)input (o2,o3,i3) … 21st January 2008

8. Laboratory for Proactive Technologies8 Multi-stream interaction machine output (o1)output (o2)output (o3)output (o4) initial state input (i0) input (o1,i1) input (o1,o2,i2)input (o2,o3,i3) … output (1)output (2)output (3)output (o4) initial state input (i) input (1,2) input (1,2,3)input (2,3,4) … 21st January 2008

9. Laboratory for Proactive Technologies9 Multi-streams and Q-model (1) p i : T (p i ) x dom p i → val p i p j : T (p j ) x dom p j → val p j  ij : val p i x T (p i ) x T (p j ) → proj val pi dom p j K (  ij,t)  T (p i ), t  T (p j ) T (p i ) = {t i 0, t i 1, t i 2, … t i n, t i (n+1), … } The definition of K (  ij,t) depends on whether T (p i )  T (p j ), or T (p i ) → T (p j ), or T (p i )  T (p j )

10. 21st January 2008Laboratory for Proactive Technologies10 Multi-streams in Q-model (2) pipi pjpj  ij {in 1 i, in 2 i, …, in n i, … } → → {out 1 i, out 2 i, out 3 i, …, out n i, out (n+1) i, …} {in 1 j, in 2 j, …, in k j, in (k+1) j … } → {out 1 j, out 2 j, …, out k j, out (k+1) i, …} K (  ij,t)

11. Laboratory for Proactive Technologies11 …... p-PTM1 … p-PTMj p-PTMn In-s 1 In-s j In-s n Out-s 1 Out-s k Out-s m i- PTM1 i- PTM2 i- PTM3 Multi-stream interaction machine 21st January 2008

12. Laboratory for Proactive Technologies A multi-stream application Squad Far away HQ Interactive map Sensor networks Portable unmanned vehicles Reconnaissance Local HQ Far away HQ Interactive map 21st January 200812

13. Some results obtained in CDC Applications of and development tools for multi-agents – Generic agent generator and engine (KRATT) – Interactive agent-based digital maps – Pilot applications of smart dust Ad hoc networks – research and experiments with heterogeneous and mobile nodes, dynamically changing topology and interaction pattern Research into models of computation – Taxonomy of computation models – Describing models by situation-sensitive stream functions 21st January 2008Laboratory for Proactive Technologies13

14. A selection of publications (1) Models of computation – M. Meriste, L. Motus (2002) „On models for time-sensitive interactive computing”, Intern. Conference on Computational Science, LNCS 2329, Springer, 156-165 – L. Motus, M. Meriste, W. Dosch (2005) „Time-awareness and Proactivity in Models of Interactive Computation”, Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 141, 69- 95, – Dosch, W.; Meriste, M.; Motus, L. (2007). “Enriching Interactive Components with Again Commands”. Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology. IEEE Computer Society, 200 - 205 21st January 2008Laboratory for Proactive Technologies14

15. A selection of publications (2) Multi-agent systems – L. Motus, M. Meriste, T. Kelder, J. Helekivi, V. Kimlaychuk (2003) „A test-bed for time-sensitive agents – some involved problems”, 9th IEEE Intern. Conf. on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Lisbon,, vol. 2, 645-651 – M. Meriste, L. Motus, T. Kelder, J. Helekivi (2005) „C# templates for time-aware agents”, 7th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, vol.4, 247--250 – M. Meriste, L. Motus, T. Kelder, J. Helekivi, A. Marandi, J. Preden (2005) „Location awareness of information agents”, in Advances in Databases and Information Systems, Springer, 199 – 208. 21st January 2008Laboratory for Proactive Technologies15

16. A selection of publications (3) Ad hoc networks – L. Motus, M. Meriste, J. Preden (2006) „Network Enabled Capabilities – Grassroots Perspectives”, NATO RTO/IST Symposium on Dynamic Communication Management, 16/1 – 16/13 – J. Preden (2006) „Communication area based positioning”, in: Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems, 336-347 – J. Preden, M. Sarkans, Otto T. (2007) “Diagnostics of Machining and Assembly Systems by Networked Motes”, Machining Engineering, vol.7 no 1-2, 68-77 21st January 2008Laboratory for Proactive Technologies16

17. Future engagements A joint research project “Proactivity in the artificial world” 2008 – 2013, involving researchers from TUT and UT and comprising – Situation-aware, multi-stream computation and multi-agent systems – Self-organising systems, and other self-X systems – Ad hoc networks – Application prototypes (smart buildings, monitoring and diagnostic systems, etc ) – Behavioural robotics (together with institute of mechatronics and institute of machinery) Network enabled capability project (2008 – 2010), and other collaboration with NATO RTO Emergent behaviour in complex systems – decision pending 21st January 2008Laboratory for Proactive Technologies17