1. Presented by : Poorya Ghafoorpoor Yazdi 2012_2013 Eastern Mediterranean University Mechanical Engineering Department Master Thesis Presentation Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey Tel: +90 392 6301089 Email: poorya.ghafoorpoor@cc.emu.edu.tr

2.  Definition of Wireless sensor networks  General applications  manufacturing applications  Localization of WSN  Proposed localization technique (Trilateration)  Methodology and comparisons  Conclusion

4.  Overview ◦ A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, flow, level, motion or pollutants, at different locations. ◦ Wireless sensor networks are now used in many industrial and civilian application areas, including industrial process monitoring and control, machine health monitoring, environment and habitat monitoring, healthcare applications, home automation, and traffic control

5.  Sensor nodes ◦ Nodes can be imagined as small computers, extremely basic in terms of their interfaces and their components. They usually consist of a processing unit with limited computational power and limited memory, sensors (including specific conditioning circuitry), a communication device (usually radio transceivers or alternatively optical), and a power source usually in the form of a battery.

6.  Base Station ◦ The base stations are one or more distinguished components of the WSN with much more computational, energy and communication resources. They act as a gateway between sensor nodes and the end user.

7. Transceiver Memory Embedded Processor Sensors Battery 128KB-1MB Limited Storage 1Kbps - 1Mbps, 3-100 Meters, Lossy Transmissions 66% of Total Cost Requires Supervision 8-bit, 10 MHz Slow Computations Limited Lifetime Energy Harvesting System Wireless sensor Node limitations

8. ◦ Unique characteristics of a WSN include:  Limited power they can harvest or store  Ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions  Ability to cope with node failures  Mobility of nodes  Dynamic network topology  Communication failures  Heterogeneity of nodes  Large scale of deployment  Unattended operation

9. Military applications  Battle-damage assessment  Battlefield surveillance  Communications  Monitoring Environmental applications  Monitoring the behavior of organisms  Forest fire detection  Flood detection  Mapping of the environment  Precision Agriculture Health Care applications  Hospital staff and patients tracking and monitoring  Drug administration in hospitals Other applications  Smart Buildings

10.  Battle-damage assessment  Battlefield surveillance  Communications  Monitoring

11.  Monitoring the behavior of organisms  Forest fire detection  Flood detection  Mapping of the environment  Precision Agriculture

12.  Hospital staff and patients tracking and monitoring  Drug administration in hospitals

13. Smart Buildings:  Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems  Lightning  Air quality and window control  Systems switching off devices  Security and safety

14.  Industrial robots  Real-time inventory management  Process and equipment monitoring  Environment monitoring

15.  1:Two power supplies  2: four primary loops  3:Wireless senor nodes  4:Robot  5:Convayer  6:Antenna  7:input module General Motors Engine assembly line

16.  The old fashioned manual inventory management system problems: 1: out-of-stocks 2: expedited shipments 3: production slowdowns 4: excess buffer inventory Inventory management for packaged gases with WSN

17.  General Motors utilized the monitoring system which is integrated by wireless sensor network technology to monitor the manufacturing equipments vibration and temperature : 1: forecasting the machine’s failure 2: pre-emptive maintenance 3: faster repair of equipment

18.  Wireless sensor network can be useful to: Detecting leakage Detecting radiation Detecting intrusion “Nose-on-a-chip” is a gas detector senor and it can detect more than 400 kinds of gases and send signal to a basic station

19. ◦ Wireless Sensor Network Advantages  Wireless systems allow for widespread energy saving, enabling preventative maintenance for reduced unplanned downtimes, increasing productivity, and saving on wiring costs—all with lower upfront investments versus a wired system.

20. ◦ Wireless Sensing Solution ◦ Wireless Sensing Solutions are a new means to satisfy demanding data measurement requirements in a range of industrial environments. Without the use of common cables, power supplies or data acquisition equipment, our self- powered real-time solutions can be as remote and customized as you need them to be. ◦ Providing accurate data in remote and at times unsafe locations, wireless sensors measure, record and transmit data—in real time—in critical applications such as oil and gas drilling, food and beverage production, metal fabrication and machining, chemical, paper and pulp processing, along with other manufacturing applications. Built for durability, sensors can withstand the harsh and dirty conditions of these often dangerous and hazardous environments.

21. TinyOS is a free and open source component-based operating system and platform targeting wireless sensor networks (WSNs). TinyOS is an embedded operating system written in the nesC programming language as a set of cooperating tasks and processes. It is intended to be incorporated into smartdust. TinyOS started as a collaboration between the University of California, Berkeley in co-operation with Intel Research and Crossbow Technology, and has since grown to be an international consortium, the TinyOS Alliance.