1. Physical Science Chapter 3

2. Bellwork
Pre-test

3. States of Matter
States of Matter: Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.

5. Solids
Solid: a state od matter in which the materials have definite shape and a definite volume.

6. Solid

7. Definite*
Definite: the shape and volume of a material won’t change when you move it
Definite does not mean it will never change
Almost all solids have a closely packed atomic arrangement

8. Solid, Liquid, Gas

9. Liquids
Liquid: the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume, but not a definite shape

10. Liquid

11. Liquid
Liquid: takes the shape of the container it is in
It does not change its volume to fit the container

12. Liquid

13. Liquid

14. What is the main difference between the different states of matter?
Bellwork
What is the main difference between the different states of matter?

15. Gases
Gas: a state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume

16. Read the paragraph about gas
Gas: more space between atoms
Gas can be compressed into smaller spaces
Gas spreads out when released from compaction

17. Gas

18. Almost all matter on Earth is solid, liquid, or gas.
Other states of matter
Almost all matter on Earth is solid, liquid, or gas.
99 % of the universe matter at high temperatures is in the form of plasma

19. Plasma

20. Plasma

21. Homework/classwork
Complete your work/study book pages questions 1-10

22. Create a Comparison Chart
Liquid
Gas
Solid
Look back at your notes and the book and tell whether each state has definite volume, definite shape, variable volume, or variable shape.

23. Directions
Look back at your notes and the book and tell whether each state has definite volume, definite shape, variable volume, or variable shape.

24. What makes plasma so different from the other states of matter?
Bellwork
What makes plasma so different from the other states of matter?

25. Kinetic Theory
Kinetic energy: is the energy an object has due to its motion (comes from the Greek word “to move”)

26. The faster an object moves, the greater the kinetic energy is.
Kinetic Theory
The faster an object moves, the greater the kinetic energy is.
A baseball thrown at 85 mph has more kinetic energy than one thrown at 75 mph
The kinetic theory suggests that the materials in the ball are moving too

27. Kinetic Theory
Kinetic Theory of Matter: all particles of matter are in constant motion

28. Behavior of Gases
Like the game of pool

29. Motion in gases
At room temperature, the average speed of particles of gas is 1600 kilometers per hour
994 mph!

30. Motion in Gases
Not all atoms move at the same speed, but the kinetic energy remains the same

31. Two helium atoms bounce around the jar.
Look on page 72
Two helium atoms bounce around the jar.
They collide with each other and the jar.
One may lose speed while the other gains speed.
The total energy remains the same!

32. There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter.
The faster the particles are moving (like in gas) these forces of attraction are not as strong

33. Kinetic Theory of Gases
The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to fill a container of any shape or size.

34. Kinetic Theory of Gases 3 Points
1: Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion
2. The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of the other particles unless the particles collide.
3. Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions.

35. Air Freshener We will divide into groups
Groups will go to different corners of the room
I will spray the air freshener in a far corner of the room and we will see how long it takes for the gas particles to travel to each corner

36. Mass of an element can have an effect on movement
Behavior of Liquids
Mass of an element can have an effect on movement
Mercury (which is a liquid at room temperature) has 50 times the mass of a helium atom

37. Behavior of a liquid
The arrangement of the atoms has an effect on movement
The particles of a liquid are much closer together than particles of a gas
This makes the power of attraction much greater

38. What is the Kinetic Theory of Matter?
Bellwork
What is the Kinetic Theory of Matter?

39. Behavior of Liquids
A liquid takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to new locations.
The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together

40. Behavior of Solids
Compare the activity of solid particles to that of people in a movie theater

41. Behavior of Solids
Solids have definite shape and definite volume because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations

42. Quick assessment
Write at least two paragraphs (5-7 complete sentences each paragraph) explaining how the kinetic theory can be used to explain the general characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases.
This will be graded as a quiz ;-)

43. Pressure is the result of a force distributed over an area

44. Pressure
Speed affects pressure: the faster something is moving the greater the pressure is

45. Pressure
Area affects pressure: the smaller the area of impact, the greater the pressure

47. Force is measure in newtons (N) Area is measured in m2
SI Units
Pressure = Force/Area
Force is measure in newtons (N)
Area is measured in m2
The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa)
Pa=N/m2

48. Factors that affect gas pressure
Factors that affect the pressure of an enclosed gas are its temperature, its volume, and the number of its particles

49. Think of a car tire on the road
Temperature
Raising the temperature of a gas will increase its pressure if the volume of the gas and the number of particles are constant
Think of a car tire on the road

50. Temperature and gas

51. Volume
Reducing the volume of a gas increases its pressure if the temperature of the gas and the number of particles are constant.
Empty plastic bottle

52. Volume and gas pressure

53. Number of particles
Increasing the number of particles will increase the pressure of a gas if the temperature and the volume are constant

55. Complete your workbook up to number 18 on page 26
Complete your workbook up to number 18 on page 26. Complete the section assessment on page 74 in your book Due tomorrow