1. XML Basics Hope Greenberg Center for Teaching & Learning

2. What is HTML? A set of markup tags for encoding elements of web documents. Encoding is the addition of codes to text in order to make it possible for a computer to process that text. Interpretation of elements is built into a web browser, helped by CSS. Presentational (sort of) not semantic. Looks like: Hello world. XML: What, Why, When and How

3. What is XML? A markup language for describing structured documents. Allows for creation of elements based on need. Designed to be semantic (meaning is separate from presentation). Looks like: Hello world. But can also look like: Hello world. XML: What, Why, When and How

4. What is the TEI? Text Encoding Initiative founded in 1987. Guidelines for encoding machine-readable texts in the humanities and social sciences. Includes standardized ways to mark up a document’s semantics. XML: What, Why, When and How

5. Why use the TEI? With HTML you could do this: Enter KING. Queen. Alas, look here, my lord. Ophelia speaks Oph. Song. Larded all with sweet flowers, XML: What, Why, When and How

6. Why use the TEI? With CSS you could add some classification: Enter KING. Queen. Alas, look here, my lord. Ophelia speaks and then tell the CSS to make each class LOOK different. XML: What, Why, When and How

7. Why use the TEI? Enter KING. Queen. Alas, look here, my lord. Ophelia Song. Larded all with sweet flowers, XML: What, Why, When and How

8. XML: The Pieces XML: What, Why, When and How XML File Parser xhtml.xsl print.xsl mobil.xsl web Mobil device css Schema/DTD

9. XML File: The Pieces Declaration (what am I?) Processing Instructions (what will you do with me?) Elements (what am I made of?) – (tag, attributes, content: PCDATA) Entities (what else do we need?) – Character, files, Comments (secret messages) CDATA (just like this or else…) XML: What, Why, When and How

10. XML File: The Pieces Declaration Processing instruction XML: What, Why, When and How

11. XML File: The Pieces Elements (tag, attributes, content: PCDATA) Hello World! Entities – Character & & & – Text or other: external XML: What, Why, When and How

12. XML File: Some Rules XML tags are case sensitive. All XML elements must have a closing tag. All XML elements must be properly nested. All XML documents must have a root element. Attribute values must always be quoted. XML: What, Why, When and How