1. The Future of Library Technical Services: Moving into the 21 st Century Presented by Amy Weiss, Michael Luesebrink, Annie Glerum, Ruth Ziegler on April 19, 2012 at the Florida Library Association Annual Conference, Orlando, Florida

2. Introduction This panel examines the role of library technical services as we move into the 21 st century. The four topics of discussion are:  An Administrator’s Perspective – Amy Weiss  The Changing Role of Acquisitions – Michael Luesebrink  The Future of Bibliographic Control – Annie Glerum  The Future of Authority Control – Ruth Ziegler

3. An Administrator’s Perspective Amy K. Weiss Associate Dean for Technical Services Florida State University Libraries The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21 st Century

4. The Future of Technical Services: Administration Shrinking Technical Services Divisions  Vendor-assisted processing  Content mostly “free” but repackaged by vendors  Will vendors control the distribution of cataloging metadata for non-unique materials?  How will Technical Services remain relevant?

5. The Future of Technical Services: Administration What Will Happen to Technical Services?  Remaining processes will be either very easy or very complex  Either very complex or very simple  Backlogs not an option  Immediate availability is the rule

6. The Future of Technical Services: Administration Disbursed Processes  Technical Services tasks migrate to many Divisions  Already happening at FSU  Outcomes of dispersal

7. The Future of Technical Services: Administration Changing Standards  Replacement for MARC due in five years  Replacement may determine fate of Technical Services  How will this happen?

8. The Future of Technical Services: Administration What’s Wrong With MARC  MARC does not express relationships between materials  MARC does not work well for archives and digitized materials

9. The Future of Technical Services: Administration What’s Wrong With MARC  Not intuitive  Too much detail  “Buried” information

10. The Future of Technical Services: Administration MARC’s Replacement Must be:  Intuitive  Streamlined  Fully Machine-Readable and manipulable

11. The Future of Technical Services: Administration MARC’s Replacement  Must be a standard suitable for what is now non-MARC metadata

12. The Future of Technical Services: Administration RDA: Not The Future  Not adequate for non-print materials  Doesn’t deal with part/whole relationships  Poorly written and organized

13. The Future of Technical Services: Administration What IS The Future?  What will happen next?  “Big Heads” don’t know  Future is wide open

14. The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21 st Century Restructuring Monographs Acquisitions: Adopting New Technologies to New Markets Michael Luesebrink, MLIS, PhD Monographs Acquisitions Librarian Florida State University Libraries

15. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions It’s a Matter of Economics The contemporary academic library of the Twenty-First Century is in the midst of transformation…  From traditional librarian centric, supply side driven model  To an innovative user centric demand driven model  Acquisition units are at the forefront of this transformative process

16. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Objectives of Discussion  Describe changing acquisitions workflows Adapting technological efficiencies  Describe changing acquisition’s role in 21 st century information landscape Innovative economic models i.e. PDA  Describe new staffing roles in acquisitions Adopting new skill sets

17. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Book placed in Stacks Request placed by patron Book invoiced, processed Book sent to Acquisitions Order placed with vendor Patron uses book, finds references Traditional Acquisitions Cycle

18. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Changing Workflows FSU Libraries Monographs Acquisitions Unit organizational Structure: 2007  Traditional model: Monographs & Serials  Monograph Acquisitions Unit  Staff of seven  Staff roles:  Ordering and invoicing monographs  Library of Congress cataloging

19. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Changing Workflows FSU Libraries Monographs Acquisitions Unit organizational Structure: 2012  Staff of five; two less library associates  Staff roles  Ordering and invoicing  Reduced Library of Congress cataloging  Actually substantial increased productivity  So, what’s changed?

20. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Innovative Models: Patron Driven Acquisitions  Patron Driven Acquisitions (PDA):  Innovative acquisitions model  Seamless acquisition or lending of e-books  Purchase triggered by threshold  Hybrid model evolving

21. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Patron Driven Acquisitions Cycle Book now part of collection Patron sees E-book in OPAC Book is seamlessly acquired Book triggers threshold Patron accesses e-book E-book in PDA profile/ package

22. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: Historical Context  PDA programs emerged in early 2000’s  Different models are developing  Florida has statewide initiatives UF-FSU SUS consortium initiative

23. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: What does it bring to the table?  Point of demand acquisition responds to users  Efficient use of funds  Research studies are inconclusive

24. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: What are publishing issues? Supply driven  Muddied waters of book publishing industry  Copyright/licensing issues  Publishers rely on print revenue streams.  Academic publishers like e-journal model  E-book technology more user friendly  Approval plan conundrum

25. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: How does it affect acquisitions staff and change workflow activities?  Saves time placing orders and invoicing, a good fit in demand driven market  Segues well with e-book market: focus - price, delivery time, content  Allows selectors to focus, identifying difficult to find items, and refine strategic collection development outcomes

26. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions Changing Role of Acquisitions PDA: How does it affect acquisitions staff and change workflow activities?  Acquisitions need strong IT skill sets  Need adaptability and flexibility  Critical thinking skills  Adopt new technologies as they emerge

27. The Future of Technical Services: Acquisitions In Summation “On demand information delivery requires that libraries re-conceptualize how they provide information to users. The fundamental library role of facilitating access to information remains, but how libraries accomplish this and who their partners will be are changing significantly.” Douglas Jones

28. The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21 st Century The Future of Bibliographic Control Annie Glerum Complex Cataloging Librarian Florida State University Libraries

29. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Scope of this discussion  Current trends:  Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Description (FRBR)  Resource Description and Access (RDA)  Library Linked Data  Timeline of the Collection and Organization of the Human Record… and into the Future

30. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records Value CreatorTitle A Christmas CarolCharles Dickens Value Attributes Entity = Work User Tasks Find Identify Select Obtain Entity-Relationship Model

31. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Final Report. Section 3.2 Work Expression Manifestation Item created by realized by produced by owned by Person Family Corporate Body Group 1 Entities Group 2 Entities

32. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control IFLA. Final Report. Section 3.3 Work Expression Manifestation Item Work has as its subject Person Family Corporate Body Concept Object Event Place Group 1 Entity Group 1 EntitiesGroup 2 EntitiesGroup 3 Entities

33. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control AACR2 Record

34. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control RDA Record

35. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control FRBR and RDA lay the foundation for Library Linked Data  Now: Boxed Data (MARC record)  Future: Library Linked Data on the Semantic Web

36. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control

38. Title: The Nature and future of the catalog / edited by Maurice J. Freedman. Publication: Phoenix, AZ : Oryx Press, 1979. Description: xvi, 317 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subject: Cataloging--Congresses. Added name: Freedman, Maurice J. Title: The Nature and future of the catalog / edited by Maurice J. Freedman. Publication: Phoenix, AZ : Oryx Press, 1979. Description: xvi, 317 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subject: Cataloging--Congresses. Added name: Freedman, Maurice J. Dumb Terminal OPAC Next Gen Catalog

39. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Boxed Data

40. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Semantic Web & Linked Data  Post-MARC metadata  XML-based data sets and catalogs Bowen, Jennifer. Moving Library Metadata toward Linked Data: Opportunities Provided by the Exensible Catalog.

41. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Library Linked Data Elements of description expressed as data sets linked by identifiers

42. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control

44. Linked Data

45. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Timeline of the Collection & Organization of the Human Record… and into the Future

46. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Innovations?  Embedded Metadata:  Not only for electronic documents  Nano chip RFID embedded paper  New interfaces for Post-MARC cataloging:  Fields for free text  Fields that auto fill  Pull down from controlled vocabularies

47. The Future of Technical Services: Bibliographic Control Bibliography Bowen, Jennifer. Moving Library Metadata toward Linked Data: Opportunities Provided by the Exensible Catalog. Proc. Int’l Conf. on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications 2010. p. 44-59. Clancy, Michael. From Memory to Written Record. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979. ______. Looking Back from the Invention of Printing. In Literacy in Historical Perspective. Edited by D.P. Resnick. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1983. Coyle, Karen. Understanding the Semantic Web: Bibliographic Data and Metadata. Library Technology Reports (46:1; January 2010). Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural MoreRFID - Secured Digital to Introduce Nano Chip RFID Embedded Paper in Q4 2007.. Accessed April 9, 2012.http://www.morerfid.com/details.php?subdetail=Report&action=details&report_id=3366&displ ay=RFID Rubin, E. Richard. Foundations of Library and Information Science. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., 2000. p. 208-261. Transformations in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1979. Thompson, James Westfall. Ancient Libraries. Hamden, Conn.: Archon, 1957. All graphics created by Annie Glerum. All images either public domain or Creative Commons license. Attributions for timeline animation: 3000 B.C. Marcin Wichary; Book of the Dead #1. McKay Savage; Cordoba Mihrab. James Gordon.

48. The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21 st Century The Future of Authority Control Ruth S. Ziegler Authorities/Catalog Management Librarian Florida State University Libraries

49. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Libraries have been cataloging resources for years!  Card catalog  Online catalog

50. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Online Catalog : Encoded MARC Bibliographic Record 000 01563cam a22003377a 450 001 6563162 005 20080703101713.0 MARC 21 008 711222s1961 dcu b 000 0 eng 010 __ |a 61064605 035 __ |a (OCoLC)ocm00185973 040 __ |a DLC |c CWR |d DLC |d OCLCQ |d BTCTA |d OCLCG |d DLC ILS, CC 042 __ |a lccopycat 043 __ |a n-us--- 050 00 |a UA927 |b.M23 1961 100 1_ |a Mack, Raymond W. 245 14 |a The occasion instant : |b the structure of social responses to unanticipated air raid warnings / |c by Raymond W. Mack, George W. Baker ; Foreword by Robin M. Williams, Jr. 260 __ |a Washington, |b National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, |c 1961. 300 __ |a xv, 69 p. ; |c 25 cm. 490 1_ |a National Research Council (U.S.). Disaster Research Group. Disaster study, |v no. 15 500 __ |a National Research Council. Publication 945. 504 __ |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-69). AACR 650 _0 |a Civil defense |z United States. 650 _0 |a Air warfare |x Psychological aspects. 700 1_ |a Baker, George W. |q (George Walter), |d 1915- |e joint author. 810 2_ |a National Research Council (U.S.). |b Disaster Research Group. |t Disaster study ; |v no. 15. 830 _0 |a Publication (National Research Council (U.S.)) ; |v 945. 856 41 |3 Table of contents |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0804/61064605.html [1]

51. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Current Cataloging Standards Anglo American Cataloging Rules – AACR2 These are to be replaced with:  Resource Description Access - RDA  New bibliographic description standard for the digital age

52. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Now Libraries are being told to look to the future and expose the bibliographic data in our catalogs as linked data on the Semantic Web.

53. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Semantic Web and Linked Data The Semantic Web is a "web of data" that enables machines to understand the semantics, or meaning, of information on the World Wide Web. "W3C Semantic Web Frequently Asked Questions". W3C. Viewed October, 18, 2011.

54. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Current Visualization of the Linked Data Cloud [2]

55. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Within the cloud: LCSH and VIAF [3]

56. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control  The Machine Application layer of Linked Data is where most librarians hit a wall when getting involved with Linked Open Data.  The explanation of Extensible Markup Language (XML), Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), Resource Description Framework (RDF) with talk about subject, predicate, object triples is difficult to understand.

57. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Tim Berners-Lee (2006) the originator of the linked data concept, outlines its four main rules:  Use URIs as names for things  Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names  When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using Web standards  Include links to other URIs so that they can discover more things [4]

58. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control With limited staff and very tight budgets, many libraries will wait to see what direction the earlier adaptors will go.  Most Academic Libraries catalog their original records in OCLC and then export into their local catalogs.  Policies and licensing issues with data is a big concern.

59. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control In the blog “Managing Metadata” - Sept. 27, 2011 by Laura Smart @ Caltech Libraries: Focus instead on authority records and on enhancing our repositories. We can add value for our customers. Concentrate on the unique metadata that exposes the work of the faculty, researchers and Ph.D. graduates in our organizations.

60. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control VIAF Virtual International Authority File http://viaf.org/  VIAF, implemented and hosted by OCLC, is joint project of several national libraries plus selected regional and trans-national library agencies.  The VIAF project's goal is to lower the cost and increase the utility of library authority files by matching and linking widely-used authority files and making that information available on the Web.

61. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control National Library of Australia National Library of the Czech Republic Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Egypt) Bibliothèque nationale de France Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Getty Research Institute National Library of Israel Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico (Italy) Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal Biblioteca Nacional de España National Library of Sweden Swiss National Library Library of Congress/NACO Vatican Library NUKAT Center (Poland) Library and Archives Canada National Széchényi Library (Hungary) RERO (Switzerland) Russian State Library-test VIAF Members

62. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control VIAF  We have the “potential” for international sharing  The authorized forms can be shared through the VIAF project  What is important is not the “text” but the URI (uniform resource identifier)  Example: http:viaf.org/viaf/35605

63. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control John Paul II, Pope, 1920-2005 Jean-Paul II, pape, 1920-2005 Juan Pablo II, Papa Jean Paul II, pape Johannes Paulus Papa, II. 1920-2005 Iohannes Paulus PP. II, 1920-2005 Jan Pavel II., papež, 1920-2005 Johannes Paulus II, påve, 1920-2005 Jan Paweł II (papież ; 1920-2005). Ioannes Paulus John Paul II, Pope lived1920 יוחנן פאולוס 2, אפיפיור, 1920-2005 يوحنا بولس، الثانى، البابا، 1920-2005 م. VIAF ID:35605 URI Example: http:viaf.org/viaf/35605

64. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Next Step What can we do?  Keep up with the latest literature, attending conferences, involvement with committees at national, state, and university level and talk with our peers about future changes and decisions to be made.

65. The Future of Technical Services: Authority Control Bibliography “Encoding bibliographic data: the things and strings of the semantic web”, Karen Coyle. ALA Presentation. June 24, 2011. [1] “Linked data: the play’s the thing”, Ed Jones. ALA Presentation. June 24, 2011. [2-3] “Practical strategies for cataloging departments,” Rebecca L. Lubas, editor. Libraries Unlimited, c2011. p. 40. [4]

66. The Future of Technical Services: Moving into the 21 st Century Contact information Amy Weiss akweiss@fsu.edu Michael Luesebrink mluesebrink@fsu.edu Annie Glerum aglerum@fsu.edu Ruth Ziegler rsziegler@fsu.edu