1. Archimedes 287 B.C. – 212 B.C.

2. Famous Quotes…. “Give me a spot where I can stand and I shall move the earth.” “Eureka! Eureka! I have found it!”

3. Mini Planitarium Archimedes created a mini planetarium that was mechanical and showed the motions of the sun, moon, and planets as viewed from the earth.

4. Mini Planitarium

5. Contributions: Astronomy

6. Archimedes’ Screw

7. The purpose is to move water uphill to help with irrigation.

8. Contributions: Crop irrigation and drainage/farming practices Crop irrigation and drainage/farming practices Remove water from ships so they would not sink (mechanical water pump) Remove water from ships so they would not sink (mechanical water pump) Move sludge Move sludge Sewage plants (many substations send to main treatment plant) Sewage plants (many substations send to main treatment plant)

9. The Law of Hydrostatic or the Archimedes’ Principle What Archimedes stated: “Any solid lighter than a fluid will, if placed in a fluid, be so far immersed that the weight of the solid will be equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.” “A solid heavier than a fluid will, if placed in it, descend to the bottom of the fluid, and the solid will, when weighed in the fluid, be lighter than its true weight by the weight of the fluid displaced.”

10. Hydrostatics: Buoyancy

11. Contribution to science? Maritime architecture

12. Simple Machines: Law of the Lever He was not the first to use the lever but he showed that the movement of the fulcrum influences equilibrium.

13. Simple Machines: Law of the Lever

14. Law of the Lever – the closer the lever is to the fulcrum, the easier it is to move an object

15. The pulley and the lever

16. Contributions: Applied mechanics – moving from physical science theory to technology and it is used to explain the effects of items when force is applied Applied mechanics – moving from physical science theory to technology and it is used to explain the effects of items when force is applied (example: engineering)

17. Weapons of War

18. Catipult

19. Death Ray

21. MythBusters and MIT

22. Claw of Archimedes

23. Claw of Archimedes (A different interpretation)

24. Contributions: National Defense National Defense Simple machines Simple machines

25. Contributed to Math Pi - Used a 96 sided polygon to determine that the value of pi was between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7. Pi - Used a 96 sided polygon to determine that the value of pi was between 3 10/71 and 3 1/7.

26. Contributed to Math Approximating the area of a circle He found the area of a circle by finding the area of smaller rectangles and adding them together. This is termed the “method of exhaustion” and led to integral calculus, which is the study of the area figures and on the volumes of solids.

27. Sand-Reckoner Archimedes said that he could create a number, greater than the grains of sand that would be required to fill the universe. He estimated that the number would be larger than 10 63 grains of sand.

28. Contributions: Estimated the size of the universe Estimated the size of the universe Using smaller and easy to manipulate numbers when the data is large Using smaller and easy to manipulate numbers when the data is large 10 63 grains of sand 10 63 grains of sand Led to logarithms which were invented by John Napier in the early 1600’s Led to logarithms which were invented by John Napier in the early 1600’s Scientific notation? 1.5 x 10 10 Scientific notation? 1.5 x 10 10

29. Contributed to Math Spiral of Archimedes – study of polar coordinates which is used in air traffic control. Spiral of Archimedes – study of polar coordinates which is used in air traffic control.

30. Stomacion

31. Stomacion This is similar to the tangram puzzle and the object is to either create pictures with the puzzle pieces or put it together in its original form.

32. Sources Boyer, Carl. A History of Mathematics. John Willey & Sons, Inc. New York, NY. 1991. Struk, Dirk. A Concise History of Mathematics. Dover Publications, Inc. New York, NY. 1987. http://www.lycos.com/info/archimedes--archimedes- screw.html http://www.lycos.com/info/archimedes--archimedes- screw.html http://engineering.union.edu/SeniorProjects/2004.ME/donov am2/stuff/modernarch.htm http://engineering.union.edu/SeniorProjects/2004.ME/donov am2/stuff/modernarch.htm http://www.answers.com/topic/applied-mechanics http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Sphere/Sph ereIntro.html http://www.math.nyu.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Sphere/Sph ereIntro.html