1. Maryam Aljaber 201000125 PBL Q2

2. Types of oil platforms Fixed platform. Complaint tower. Sea star Floating production system. Tension-leg platform. Spar platform. (McLendon,2010) (Nansen,n.d)

3. Types of oil platforms

4. Fixed platform It has been built on a steal legs that anchored directly onto the sea floor supported a deck with space for drilling rigs. It is designed for very long term use. (McLendon,2010)

5. Complaint tower It has been designed in order to deployed in a medium depth water. The structure of it contains a platforms, drilling, rigging systems and flexible houses towers. (McLendon,2010)

6. Sea star It is a mini platform which is used in water depths between 200 and 1000 meters. Also, it could be used as a stand for satellite and utility. (McLendon,2010)

7. Floating production systems It is a big vessel that contains a processing facilities and moored to a location for a long period. (McLendon,2010)

8. Tension leg platform It is consists of floating rigs connected to thee sea floor in order to eliminate most of vertical movement of the structure. Moreover, this type of platform is used in 1500 meters water depth. (McLendon,2010)

9. Spar platform A spar is a floating oil platform, typically used in very deep water. Spar platforms are the largest platforms in use. It is designed as a large cylinder supporting a fixed rig platform. The cylinder does not extend to the seabed level, but instead is tethered to the bottom by a series of cables & lines. (McLendon,2010)

10. Nansen oil platform The facility name is Nansen, the type of this platform is Spar. And the purpose of it is to extract oil and gas from the sea floor. Moreover, Nansen is producing oil and gas since 2002 and it was discovered in Apr 1999. Nansen located in the Gulf of Mexico, Texas and South of Galveston. (Nansen,n.d)

11. Reasons of choosing this platform The reasons of choosing this platform because it is new floating ( truss spar) and it is highly developed for the deep water in the Gulf of Mexico. Also, it has many advantages such as: cost effective platform for dry-tree completions over a wide range of water depth. Plus, this spar in considered as the extension of the Classic project that it is still being developed and it has several specific qualities. (offshore technology,n.d)

12. Offshore vessels types Anchor handling Tug supply (AHTS). Construction support vessels (CSU). Crane vessel. Diving support vessel (DSV). Offshore Barges. Platform supply vessels. Safety standby vessels (SSBV). (offshore vessels,n.d)

13. Anchor handling Tug supply (AHTS) This type of vessel is used for rescue purposes in emergency cases. Plus, it is designed to handle a towing operations. (offshore vessels,n.d)

14. Construction support vessels (CSU) This vessel is used to support many function associated with the platform such as construction, maintenance, installation and other sophisticated operation. Also, it is larger and more specialized than other offshore vessels. (offshore vessels,n.d)

15. Crane vessel This ship contains a large crane specialized to lift a heavy loads, it is used for offshore construction. (offshore vessels,n.d)

16. Diving support vessel (DSV) This type of vessel is used as a floating base for professional diving projects that is always done around the oil platform and the related installation in deep water. (offshore vessels,n.d)

17. Offshore barge This type of vessel is used in several kinds of maritime tasks such as: firefighting system, lifting cranes, pipe laying and serve as an offshore accommodation to personnel. (offshore vessels,n.d)

18. Platform supply vessel This vessel is used to carry supplies and crew to the oil platform deep inside the oceans. Also, to bring cargo and personnel back to shore. There are two sizes of this ship the small one in 20 meters long ship and the large one is 100 long ship. In addition, it is designed to transport a big amount of cargo such as cement, fuel in tanks and drilling fluids. Also, the open deck is used to carry other materials such as: tubing, casing, drill pipe from offshore platform. plus, it is contains firefighting equipment in case of emergences. (offshore vessels,n.d)

19. Safety standby vessel (SSBV) It is used to protect the oil platform installations from wandering vessel and also as a safety vessel for quick evacuation in case of emergency. (offshore vessels,n.d)

20. Platform installation Transport vessels is used to transport the platform to the planned space. Flood up barge positioned under spar platform. After that the platform moved from the vessel by togs. The belly streak panels rotate it to the normal position and prepared for hand over and take it to the destination in deep water. Then it installed in the sea floor to provide anchor points, after the installation, spar tank filled by water pump to put the spar in the final position and then it supported by three or four Moring line. (spar transportation and installation,n.d)

21. Maintenance The pipeline maintenance is done by: Cropping and renewal of component. Maintenance companies are recommending the appropriate and desirable piping component and system along with inspection regime combined in order to build new system or replace he existing one. Computer aided analysis to verify proposed piping system conformance. (rig engineering,n.d)

22. Emergences In every platform there is an emergency alarm, and only expert people works in the platforms. Moreover, when a hurricane is forecast to enter the Gulf of Mexico, the platform is being shut down by companies in order to make sure that there is no oil spill from platform. Also, platform is being secured to avoid damages in the storm and they check facilities by flyovers, after the storm the worker return to platform to start up operations. (emergency situation,2012)

23. References. McLendon, R. (2010, May 19). types of offshore oil rigs. Retrieved from http://www.mnn.com/earth- matters/energy/stories/types-of-offshore-oil-rigshttp://www.mnn.com/earth- matters/energy/stories/types-of-offshore-oil-rigs Nansen. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.subseaiq.com/(X(1)S(lyg01u3wkh1y01q0rxlub15 5))/data/Project.aspx?project_id=166&AspxAutoDetectCoo kieSupport=1 http://www.subseaiq.com/(X(1)S(lyg01u3wkh1y01q0rxlub15 5))/data/Project.aspx?project_id=166&AspxAutoDetectCoo kieSupport=1 offshore technology. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-14090- MS https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-14090- MS offshore vessels. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://maritime- connector.com/wiki/offshore-vessels/http://maritime- connector.com/wiki/offshore-vessels/

24. References spar transportation and installation. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpfJJ2mh8yohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpfJJ2mh8yo rig engineering. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://rig- engineering.com/http://rig- engineering.com/ emergency situations. (2012). Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642- 30732-4_2 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642- 30732-4_2