1. Warm Up Get your Correlation Practice sheet from the front.
-Pick 3 of the examples and sketch out a scatterplot that depicts the correlation (relationship between the variables.)

2. 1. The more control people have over their work environments, the more productive they are.

3. 2. The less drugs people do, the higher their grade point average.

4. 3. The more class days students miss, the lower their grades are likely to be.

5. 4. The more expensive a person's car, the fewer successful intimate relationships they have.

6. 5. More educated people tend not to buy designer label clothing.

7. 6. The more alcohol a person drinks, the lower their scores on performance tests.

8. 7. The fewer friends an elderly person has, the more likely they are to have symptoms of depression.

9. 8. The more selections from Mozart that a baby listens to, the higher the child’s intelligence scores.

10. 9. The more languages you speak, the higher your scores on mathematics.

11. 10. Correlation coefficients describe the strength of relationships in terms of numbers. Those numbers can be anywhere between _______ and _______. The closer the number is to ______________, the weaker the relationship.
11. Circle all of the legitimate correlation coefficients:

12. 12. There was a relationship between the amount of exercise people do and their weight. Explain what this means.

13. 13._____ The more rooms a person has in their house, the more pairs of shoes they are likely to own.

14. 14._____ More educated people tend not to buy designer label clothing.

15. 15._____ The more cigarettes someone smokes, the more likely they are to interact with strangers.

16. 16._____ The more friends a student has in one class, the lower they score on tests in that class.

17. 17._____ The fewer fruits and vegetables a person eats, the more likely they will get cancer.

18. 18._____ Individuals who speak more languages, travel to more countries.

19. 19._____ The more Beyonce your teacher listens to before class, the more likely he is to tell jokes.

20. 20._____ Students levels of test anxiety go down as the time spent studying goes up

21. Unit 1: Science of Psychology
AP Psychology
Unit 1: Science of Psychology
Essential Task 1-7: Describe experimental research design taking into account operational definitions, independent/dependent variables, confounding variables, control/experimental groups, random assignment of participants, single blind/double blind procedures, demand characteristics and applicable biases.
Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B= Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184
Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

22. The Science of Psychology
Approaches to Psych
Growth of Psych
Research Methods
Statistics
Descriptive
Correlation
Experiment
Case Study
Survey
Naturalistic Observation
Inferential
Ethics
Sampling
Central Tendency
Variance
Careers
We are here

23. Essential Task 1-7: Experimental Research
Outline
Set up
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Operational definition
Design
control/experimental groups
random assignment of participants
single blind/double blind procedures
Possible problems
confounding variables
demand characteristics
Experimenter bias

24. Experimental Research
Purpose – to establish cause and effect relationships between variables.
Strength – You find out if one variable (IV) causes a change in another variable (DV)
Weakness – Confounding variables, experimenter bias, etc.
Outline

25. Independent/Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Cause (what you are studying)
This is the variable that is manipulated by the experimenter
The variable that I change
Dependent Variable
Effect (result of experiment)
This is the variable that is measured by the experimenter
It DEPENDS on the independent variable
Cause
Effect
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable

26. IV and DV in a real study
"There will be a statistically significant difference in graduation rates of at-risk high-school seniors who participate in an intensive study program as opposed to at-risk high-school seniors who do not participate in the intensive study program." (LaFountain & Bartos, 2002, p. 57)
IV: Participation in intensive study program. 
DV: Graduation rates.
IV: Participation in intensive study program. 
DV: Graduation rates.
Outline

27. Help with IV vs. DV
A good way to determine the IV from the DV is to word the Hypothesis in the form of an
“If ………….. then ………………” statement.
What follows the IF is the IV
What follows the THEN is the DV
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Outline 27

28. Create Operational Definitions
Exact description of how to derive a value for a variable you are measuring.
a precise definition
How to measure the characteristic.
Allows for replication.
Outline 28

29. Use control and experimental groups when you are giving treatments
Examples of treatments:
Drug trial
School programs
Food
The experimental group will get the treatment and the control group will not.
Outline

30. Experimental Group
In a controlled experiment, the group subjected to a change in the independent variable
Outline

31. Placebo Effect
It's what happens when a person takes a “medication” that he or she thinks will help, and therefore it actually does.
If you gave a 7 year old decaf but told them it was coffee they might convince themselves it was caffeinated and therefore act hyper.
Outline

32. It could be both . . .
Outline

33. Control Group
In a controlled experiment, this is the group NOT subjected to a change in the independent variable
The control group is the group that are given a placebo, nothing is changed
Outline

34. Random Assignment of Participants
Randomly assign participants to either your control or experimental groups.
Random Assignment  Experiments
Random Selection  Surveys
Outline

35. Single/Double Blind Procedure
Single Blind:
During an experiment only the participant is unaware of the group they are in, either the control or experimental group
Double Blind:
- both the participant and the researcher in the room are unaware of the group they are in.
Outline

36. Single Blind
Placebo
Drug
Outline

37. Double Blind
Placebo
Drug
Outline

38. Confounding Variables
Variables that a researcher fails to control for or eliminate.
The only thing that should change is the Independent Variable.
If the IV is the only thing that changes, then it must be the thing that caused the change.
If there were confounding variables it might have been them as well.
Outline

39. Demand Characteristics
Participants form an interpretation of the experiment's purpose and unconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation
Signals the researcher gives off.
“Take this drug. IT WILL HELP YOU!
Placebo
Drug
Outline

40. Experimenter Bias
Errors in a research study due to the predisposed notions or beliefs of the experimenter. 
Or in other words:
the point in every research paper you’ve ever written when you purposely ignore a source that directly contradicts your thesis.
Outline