1. REALLY, REALLY SMALL NUMBERS.
Scientific Notation
A QUICK WAY TO WRITE
REALLY, REALLY BIG OR
REALLY, REALLY SMALL NUMBERS.

2. Rules for Scientific Notation
To be in proper scientific notation the number must be written with
a number between 1 and 10
and multiplied by a power of ten
23 x 105 is not in proper scientific notation Why?

3. 137,000,000 can be rewritten as
1.37 X 108

4. Using scientific notation, rewrite the following numbers.
347,000.
3.47 X 105
902,000,000.
9.02 X 108
61,400.
6.14 X 104

5. Negative Exponents
= 10-1
= = 10-2
= = 10-3
= = 10-4

6. A ribosome, a part of a cell, is about 0
A ribosome, a part of a cell, is about of a meter in diameter. Write the length in scientific notation.
3 x 10-9 m

7. Metric Prefixes

9. Common Prefixes Prefix Symbol Multiplier Kilo k 103 1,000 Centi c 10-2
.01
Milli m
10-3
.001
Micro μ
10-6
Nano n
10-9

10. Examples How many mm in a Meter? How many μg in a Gram?
How many ns in a Second?
109ns
How many km in a Meter?
10-3km

11. SI Units Fundamental Quantities Length = Meters (m)
Mass = Kilograms (Kg)
Time = Seconds (s)
Found through direct measurement
Building blocks for the SI measurement system.
Is Volume a fundamental Quantity?

12. Base vs. Derived Units
Derived Units are constructed through combinations of base units
Usually base units multiplied/divided to develop these
Derived units supported by physics formulas
Velocity (rate) = Distance / Time
so velocity units = m / s

13. Metric Conversions

14. The Factor label Method
A way to solve math problems in physics
Used to convert
km to miles, m to km, N to g, g to N, etc.
To use this we need:
1) desired quantity
2) given quantity
3) conversion factors
Conversion factors are valid relationships or equalities expressed as a fraction and equal to one!

15. Equalities length 10.0 in. 25.4 cm
State the same measurement in two different units
length
10.0 in.
25.4 cm

16. Conversion Factors
Fractions in which the numerator and denominator are EQUAL quantities expressed in different units but always equal to one. You can always multiply any equation by this equality and not change the quantity, just the units.
Example: in. = 2.54 cm
Factors: 1in and cm
2.54 cm in.

17. Write conversion factors for 1 foot = 12 inches
For example: 1 km = 0.6 miles the conversion factor is
Write conversion factors for 1 foot = 12 inches
What conversion factors can you think of that involve meters?

18. Conversion Factors Conversion factors for 1 ft = 12 in
There are almost an infinite number of conversion factors that include meters:

19. Factor label Example First write down the desired quantity
How many kilometers are in 47.0 miles? (note: 1 km = miles)
First write down the desired quantity
Write down given quantity
Write down all conversion factors

20. More Examples # Can$ = 100.00 US$ x 1 Can$ 0.65 US$ = 153.85 Can$
1. You want to convert U.S. dollars to Canadian dollars. If the exchange rate is Can$ = 0.65 US$, how much will it cost?
# Can$
= US$
x 1 Can$
0.65 US$
= Can$

21. Learning Check
Write conversion factors that relate each of the following pairs of units: 1. Liters and mL 1 Liter = 1000 mL 2. hours and minutes 1 hour = 60 minutes 3. meters and kilometers 1000 meters = 1 kilometer

22. How many minutes are in 2.5 hours?
2.5 hr x min = min
1 hr
By using dimensional analysis/factor-label method, the UNITS ensure that you have the conversion right side up, and the UNITS are calculated as well as the numbers!