1. 16 PowerPoint ® Lecture Outlines prepared by Dr. Lana Zinger, QCC  CUNY Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Savvy Health Care Consumerism

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Taking Responsibility for Your Health Care  Self-Help or Self-Care Know your body. Pay attention to body signals. Take appropriate action to stop progression of illness or injury. Many common forms of self-care, including Diagnosing symptoms/conditions that occur frequently but don’t require a physician visit Using over-the-counter remedies Performing home health tests Learning minor first aid

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Taking Responsibility for Your Health Care  When to Seek Help Recognize when a condition needs professional help See a professional for conditions such as serious accident or injury, adverse drug reactions, unexplained sudden weight loss, and any symptom that is unusual and recurs over time Home health tests for many conditions should not be a substitute for professional diagnosis and care

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Taking Responsibility for Your Health Care  Assessing Health Professionals Identify what type of help you need and where to find it. You should feel comfortable with your provider. Your provider should explain diagnosis and treatment options thoroughly and involve you in any patient care decisions. Be sure to understand coverage options. Check certifications, affiliations, availability, and whether provider shows respect and empathy for patient. Ask questions.

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Choosing Health Products  Prescription Drugs Prescription drug use has risen by 25 percent over the past decade. 45 percent of Americans report taking at least one prescription drug in the past month, while 18 percent report taking three or more. Generic drugs—medications sold under a chemical name rather than a brand name, and contain the same active ingredients as brand-name drugs but are less expensive

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Choosing Health Products  Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs Nonprescription substances used in the course of self diagnosis and self-medication The FDA has categorized 26 types of OTC preparations Those most commonly used are analgesics; cold, cough, allergy, and asthma relievers; stimulants; sleeping aids and relaxants; and dieting aids

7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Common Over-the-Counter Drugs, Their Uses, and Potential Side Effects Continued

8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Common Over-the-Counter Drugs, Their Uses, and Potential Side Effects

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Over-the-Counter Medicine Label

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Choices in Medical Care  Conventional Western (allopathic) Medicine Primary care practitioners (PCPs) Osteopaths Ophthalmologists Optometrists Dentists Nurses Nurse practitioners (NPs) Physician’s assistant (PAs)

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Health Insurance Insurance allows the patient to pay into a pool of funds and then the health care provider bills the insurance carrier for all or part of the heath care charges they incur. 46 million Americans are uninsured. 25 million Americans between the ages of 19 and 65 are estimated to be underinsured. Many students are uninsured.

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Health Insurance  Private Health Insurance Fee-for-service or indemnity Deductibles, co-payments, and coinsurance Preexisting condition clauses Waiting periods Lifetime limit

13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Health Insurance  Managed Care A network of physicians, hospitals, and other providers and facilities linked contractually to deliver comprehensive health benefits A budget based on an estimate of the annual cost of delivering health care for a given population An established set of administrative rules requiring patients to follow the advice of participating providers

14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Health Insurance  Medicare and Medicaid Medicare covers 99 percent of adults over 65 years of age. Medicaid is a welfare program that includes people with disabilities and children who do not have health care coverage. Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)

15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Issues Facing Today’s Health Care System  Cost The United States spends more than any other nation; costs are over $2 trillion annually Individuals with preexisting conditions, and those who are self-employed often find themselves unable to find or afford health care. Health care expenditures are projected to grow by 6.2 percent each year, reaching over $4 trillion annually by 2018—nearly 20 percent of our projected gross domestic product (GDP).

16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Issues Facing Today’s Health Care System  Factors for High Costs Excess administrative costs Duplication of services Aging population Growing rates of obesity and inactivity Demand for new diagnostic and treatment technologies Emphasis on crisis-oriented care Inappropriate use of services by consumers

17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Health Care Spending per Person, 2007 (in thousands of U.S. dollars)

18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Do We Spend Our Health Care Dollars?

19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Issues Facing Today’s Health Care System  Access Access to health care depends on many factors Supply of providers and facilities Proximity to care Health status Ability to maneuver in the system Insurance coverage

20. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Issues Facing Today’s Health Care System  Quality and Malpractice Mechanisms for safety Education Licensure Certification/registration Accreditation Peer review Mistakes do happen, and deaths can occur because of medical errors. Outcome measurements access the quality of heath care at the individual level  Do you believe the U.S. health care system is safe?

21. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Perils of Medical Waste Hospitals generate a substantial amount of medical and pharmaceutical waste. This can contaminate groundwater and surface water, and pollute oceans Pharmaceutical drugs have been detected in drinking water. Green ways to manage unused medications Send your medicine to those in need. Take your drugs back to the pharmacy.

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Debate Over National Health Insurance  Proponents of Reform: Health care should be available and affordable for everyone. Health care is a right, not a privilege.  Opponents of Reform: The high cost of changing the system is more than the United States can afford. The government should not interfere with market industry.

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Debate over National Health Insurance  Critical Issues  Many Americans feel: We are paying for the most expensive system in the world without obtaining full coverage. We pay for people who don’t have insurance. Prevention and early treatment are not emphasized.  The Institute of Medicine, a nonpartisan organization, recommends a single-payer, tax-financed scheme.

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Affordable Care Act of 2010  Health care rationing?  Will it cost more?  What are some important parts of the reform? Parent’s insurance until 26 No discrimination based on pre-existing conditions Prohibits dropping coverage when people get sick Covers preventive health services