1. Remote sensing of natural hazards Remote sensing = satellite imagery and aerial photography They range from low resolution (weather satellites) to very high res.. capable of detecting objects <1 metre Hurricane Katrina

2. Millennium Island photographed by a crew member on the International Space Station This image was acquired with a Nikon D3 digital camera fitted with an 800 mm lens 1. Introduction-Instruments: Most satellite images are not photos

3. Geostationary: 36,000 km above equator, stay vertically above the same spot, rotates with earth - weather images, e.g. GOES (Geostat. Operational Env. Satellite) Scanning enables the data to be transmitted back to earth from the satellite. orbitsorbits

4. Sun-synchronous satellites: 700-900 km altitude, rotates at circa 81-82 degree angle to equator: captures imagery approx the same time each day (10am +/- 30 minutes) - Landsat path: earthnowearthnow

5. Intro– Resolution (pixel size) ~1 m to 10km Low resolution 1km - 10km (international) Medium resolution 100m -1km (national) High resolution 10 -100 m (regional) Very High resolution 1 - 10 metres (local)

6. 1.Visible wavelengths 2.Near/mid Infra-Red (vegetation and moisture) 3.Thermal infra-red (heat) 4.Microwave radar (cloud-free) Introduction Energy wavelengths used for remote sensing

7. http://www.osei.noaa.gov/ 2. Sensors: Low resolution - weather satellites

8. http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/ Sensors: MODIS – medium resolution

9. http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery.asp?catid=70 Sensors: ASTER - High resolution

10. http://www.satimagingcorp.com/galleryimages/high-resolution-remote-sensor-sri-lanka-flood.jpg Sensors: Very high resolution – corporate satellites e.g Ikonos, Quickbird, GeoEye

11. GeoEye 50cm resolution: Vancouver Olympic village (April 26, 2009)

12. Selected satellite remote sensing systems

13. 3. Application examples - remote sensing can be used for:  A. Mapping - damage assessment  B. Monitoring (in progress)  C. Prediction / mitigation Tornado Rips Through Maryland, 2002 (west <- east)

14. Lava flow, New Aiyansh

15. Earth Observatory: Anak Krakatau Ikonos satellite on June 11, 2005. USGS Volcano Hazards http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/

17. Use of LiDAR digital elevation models for flood plain mapping and mitigationflood plain mapping and mitigation http://www.airborneimaginginc.com/images/data_samples/Full_size/Floodplain_map.jpg

18. LANDSAT Thematic Mapper colour composite, bands 2, 4 and 6 with band 6 (thermal band) displayed as red and band 4 (visible infra-red) as green. Red areas represent hot spots and correspond to areas of grassland which have been burnt during the dry season. Remote Sensing for Hazard Assessment: Landslides - Hong Kong http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/rcuhm/research_1.html

19. http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery.asp?catid=10 4. Remote sensing of hazards by type … Volcanoes

20. This ASTER image of Mount St. Helens was captured one week after the March 8 ash and steam eruption (2005) http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/mshelenslidar_prt.htmhttp://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/mshelenslidar_prt.htm

21. Landslides Pakistan

22. Avalanches, Bowron Lakes

24. http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMQ21p93JZc&NR=1 Climate change: melting polar ice cappolar ice cap

25. Huarez, Peru A chunk of glacier was threatening to fall into an Andean lake and cause major flooding in a Peruvian city of 60,000. If the piece breaks off, ensuing floods would take 15 minutes to reach the city. In 1941, the lake overflowed and caused massive destruction, killing 7,000 people. Climate change: Glacier melt - lake dam collapse:

26. http://www.runet.edu/~rusmart/imageoftheday/2005-09-21.html Rita: Evolution From Tropical Storm to Hurricane While Rita is dragging over both Cuba and the Florida peninsula, she can't draw much power since there is less water available for evaporation. However, once she starts to clear Cuba and Florida, and gets over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, she is able to spin up into a full hurricane. From these images, you can also see that her path will take her across the Gulf, towards the Texas coast.

27. http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/hurricane/track_e.html

28. MODIS Rapid Response System Global Fire Maps http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

29. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/archive.php 5. Some general websites for remote sensing of hazards

30. Mapping reference for hazards- Canada Natural Resources Canada - natural hazards http://ess.nrcan.gc.ca/disdan/index_e.php http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/environment/naturalhazards

31. http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/map

32. Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis http://www.drgeorgepc.com/index.html e.g. http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Cyclone2008Burma.htmlhttp://www.drgeorgepc.com/Cyclone2008Burma.html

33. http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/images/msh.mpg Satellite images and digital terrain models for 3D visualisation