1. Blood Typing

2. (1) Antigens & Antibodies
Membranes of RBC’s contain unique I.D. Tags (Antigens)
Antigens are membrane proteins
Unique antigens bind with Unique antibodies
Antibody: Protein produced to bind with foreign cells to stimulate immune response of lymphocytes.

3. (2) Agglutination Agglutination = Binding of antigens with antibodies.
Causes a clumping of factors.
Looks like a thickening of blood.
When blood-cell antigens bind with their matching antibodies….. AGGLUTINATION!

4. (3) Blood Groups Type A: RBC’s have A antigens only.
Type AB: (Universal Recipient)
RBC’s have both A and B antigens.
Cen receive from A, B, AB, and O types.
Can donate to AB type only.
Type O: (Universal Donor)
RBC’s have NO antigens.
Can receive from O type only.
Can donate to A, B, AB and O types.
Type A:
RBC’s have A antigens only.
Can receive from A and O types.
Can donate to A and AB types.
Type B:
RBC’s have B antigens only.
Can receive from B and O types.
Can donate to B and AB types.

6. (4) Why don’t your RBC’s produce the SAME type of antibodies?
Your blood would start agglutinating.
You produce “opposite” antibodies to recognize blood that shouldn’t be in your body!

7. (5) Blood Typing Purpose: Procedure:
Check blood for organ/blood donations
Test both recipient + donor
Procedure:
Mix blood with “Immune Serums”
“Immune Serum” = Liquid w/Antibodies
No Agglutination = Does NOT have those antigens
Agglutination = Those antigens present

8. (6) Blood Typing Example #1
You mix some of Angelica’s blood with the following serums:
Anti-A serum
Anti-B serum
Angelica’s blood looks clumpy when mixed with Anti-A serum, but not Anti-B.
This means her RBC’s contain a-antigens only.
Angelica is Blood Type A

9. (7) Blood Typing Example #2
You mix some of Michael’s blood with the following serums:
Anti-A serum
Anti-B serum
Michael’s blood does not look clumpy with either Anti-A or Anti-B serums.
His RBC’s do not have A-antigens OR B-antigens.
Michael has Blood Type O

11. (8) RhD Antigens Makes the Blood Type “Positive” or “Negative”
Agglutination with RhD Serum = Positive
No Agglutination with RhD Serum = Negative

12. (9) Blood Typing Example #3
You mix some of Katelyn’s blood with the following serums:
Anti-A serum
Anti-B serum
RhD serum
Katelyn’s blood looks clumpy with Anti-B serum and RhD serum.
Her blood contains B and RhD antigens.
Katelyn’s blood type is B-Positive