1. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 The metabolic scale of the world economy in the past century Fridolin Krausmann, Marina Fischer-Kowalski Julia Steinberger and Nina Eisenmenger

2. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Global metabolic scale Metabolic rates Global convergence scenarios Resource productivity Overview

3. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Global materials extraction = use (DMC) 1900 to 2005

4. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Global materials extraction (DE = DMC at the global scale) is based on statistical data and modelling. All applied models are based on biophysical input data only (livestock, metal production, cement production and consumption). Conservative estimate which underestimates the use of construction minerals. Data base

5. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Global material extraction database Material typeContentSource Biomass165 primary crops incl. used crop residues (<50 crops) Roughage and grazed biomass (12 items) Wood harvest FAO and predecessors; used crop residues (model); grazed biomass (model); wood harvest (FAO, various estimates) Fossil energy carriersHard and soft coal, petroleum, natural gas, peat Podobnik 1995, United Nations 1950, IEA 2007 Ores44 ores (gross ore)Metal content: USGS 2008 Gross ores: estimate Non metallic minerals33 non-metallic mineralsUSGS 2008 Construction mineralsLimestone for cement production, sand and gravel for construction Conservative estimate; based on cement production; concrete production and asphalt production

6. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic scale: Global materials use 1900 to 2005

7. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic scale: Global materials use 1900 to 2005

8. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic scale (structure): Global materials use 1900 to 2005

9. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic scale: Global primary energy supply 1900-2005

10. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Periods of growth: Average annual growth rates (DMC, GDP, population)

11. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic scale Definition: metabolic scale is the size of the overall annual material (DMC) or primary energy input (TPES, DEC) of a socio-economic system, measured according to established standards of MEFA analysis. The metabolic scale of the world economy has been increasing by one order of magnitude during the last century: –Materials use: From 7 billion tons to over 60 bio t (DMC, all materials). –Energy use: From 44 EJ primary energy to 480 EJ (TPES, commercial energy only).

12. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic rate Definition: Metabolic rate is the metabolic scale of a socio-economic system divided by its population number = annual material / energy use per capita It represents the biophysical burden associated to an average individual The global metabolic rate: Moderate growth from 1900 to 1945 (0.2%); Rapid growth from 1945 to 1973 (1.6%); Stabilization from 1973 to 2000 (0.6%) despite substantial economic growth; 8t/cap (DMC) and 60 GJ/cap (TPES). Since 2000: a new phase of growth (3.7%) can be observed.

13. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic rates: Material and energy use per capita Energy Materials

14. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 National trends: metabolic scale (DMC) Global India: 8% of global Brazil: 4% of global USA: 15% of global Sources: USA: Gierlinger 2009 Brazil: Mayer 2009 India: Lanz 2009

15. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 National trends: metabolic rates Global India Brazil USA Sources: USA: Gierlinger 2009 Brazil: Mayer 2009 India: Lanz 2009

16. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic rate vs. income (GDP/cap): R 2 = 0.64 N = 175 countries Year 2000

17. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Metabolic rates by development status and population density DMC t/cap in yr 2000 Share of world population Pop density 13% 123 6% 12 62% 140 6% 19

18. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Scenario assumptions (all : relation between high density/low density countries remains unchanged; population growth by UN projection) 1.Baseline 2000 scenario 2.Freeze and catching up: industrial countries maintain their metabolic rates of the year 2000, developing countries catch up to same rates 3.Factor 2 and catching up: industrial countries reduce their metabolic rates by factor 2, developing countries catch up 4.Freeze global DMC: global resource consumption by the year 2000 remains constant by 2050, industrial and developing countries settle for identical metabolic rates

19. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Global metabolic rates in t/cap Global convergence scenarios Global metabolic scales in billion tonnes

20. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Global convergence scenarios Global metabolic rates in t/cap Global metabolic scales in billion tonnes

21. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Resource productivity: GDP per unit of materials and energy input

22. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Resource productivity: GDP per unit of materials input (biomass/minerals) Biomass Minerals

23. Krausmann & Fischer-Kowalski | ISIE Lisbon | 22.06.2009 Thank you for your attention! Data download: http://www.uni-klu.ac.at/socec/inhalt/1088.htm Publications: –Krausmann, F., Gingrich, S., Eisenmenger, N., Erb, K.H., Haberl, H., Fischer- Kowalski, M. 2009. Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20th century, Ecological Economics (in press). –Krausmann, F., M. Fischer-Kowalski, H. Schandl, and N. Eisenmenger 2008. The global socio-metabolic transition: past and present metabolic profiles and their future trajectories. Journal of Industrial Ecology 12(5/6), 637-656.