1. Characteristics of Seed Plants
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

2. Seed Plants Most common type of plant on Earth
All seed plants share 2 characteristics
Vascular tissue
Use seeds to reproduce
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

3. Vascular Tissue Two types
Phloem – vascular tissue through which food moves
Xylem – tissue through which water and nutrient move
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

4. Seeds
Structures that contain a young plant inside a protective covering
Different from seedless plants in that they do not need water for sperm to travel
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

5. Three parts to a Seed Embryo Stored food Seed coat
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

6. Embryo Young plant that develops from the zygote
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
Embryo
Young plant that develops from the zygote
Already has the beginnings of root, stem and leaves

7. Cotyledons Food stored inside one or two seed leaves
Embryo uses food stored in seed to help it continue to grow
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

8. Seed Coat Outer covering of seed
Acts like plastic wrap and keeps the seed and its food from drying out
Allows seed to remain dormant for a long time
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

9. Needs of Seeds Light Water Nutrients
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

10. Seed Dispersal Scattering of seeds Dispersed many ways Animals Water
digestion
fur or people’s clothing
Water
Wind
Some plants shoot out their seeds
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

11. Germination Early growth stage of the embryo Steps to germination
Seed absorbs water from the environment
Embryo uses stored food to begin to grow
Embryo’s roots grow down, then leaves and stem grow upward
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

12. Germination
Seeds which are dispersed far away from the parent have a better chance of survival because it does not have to compete for nutrients, light and water
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

13. Leaves Most numerous part to a plant
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
Leaves
Most numerous part to a plant
Role – capture the sun’s energy and carry out the food making process of photosynthesis

14. Leaf Structure Bottom and top layers which protect cells
Leaf veins that contain the xylem and phloem
Stomata –
underside of leaf has small pores or openings
Opens and closes to control the amount of gas that enters and leaves the leaf
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

15. Leaf and Photosynthesis
Top layer of leaf contains chloroplasts
Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts trap sun’s energy
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

16. Leaf and Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata
Water, which is absorbed by the plants roots, travels up to plant through xylem
Sugar and oxygen are produced from the CO2 and H2O.
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

17. Leaf and Photosynthesis
Oxygen exits leaf through stomata
Sugar enters the phloem and then travels throughout the plant
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

18. Controlling Water Loss
Transpiration – process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves
Plants slow down transpiration by closing the stomata
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

19. Stems Two important functions
Carries substances between roots and leaves
Supports plant so leaves are exposed to the sun
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

20. Structure of a Stem Two types of stems
Herbaceous – soft and flexible
Woody-hard and rigid
Both types contain phloem and xylem
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

21. Woody Stems Bark - added layer of protection
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
Bark - added layer of protection
Heartwood – inner layers for additional support

22. Layers of a Woody Stem Bark Phloem
Cambium -cells that produce new phloem and xylem
Active xylem
Heartwood- inactive xylem
Pith – center of stem, stores food and water in young trees
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

23. Annual Rings Represent one year in a tree’s growth Made of xylem
Light rings grow in spring
Dark rings grow in summer
Two rings together make one year’s growth
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

24. Roots Anchor plants Absorb water and nutrients
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

25. Types of Roots
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
2 types
Taproot – long thick root with thin roots branching off – carrot, radish, dandelion, cactus
Fibrous- several main roots that branch repeatedly – lawn, corn, trees

26. Structure of Root
Root cap – contains dead cells, protects root from injury
Dividing cells – cause root to lengthen
Root hairs – grow out of root surface – increases the surface area of the roots
Cambium
Vascular tissue in center
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?

27. Class Work and Homework
Fill In
What did I learn
Confused
Say
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?