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Characteristics of Seed Plants
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Seed Plants Most common type of plant on Earth
All seed plants share 2 characteristics Vascular tissue Use seeds to reproduce EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Vascular Tissue Two types
Phloem – vascular tissue through which food moves Xylem – tissue through which water and nutrient move EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Seeds Structures that contain a young plant inside a protective covering Different from seedless plants in that they do not need water for sperm to travel EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Three parts to a Seed Embryo Stored food Seed coat
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Embryo Young plant that develops from the zygote
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Embryo Young plant that develops from the zygote Already has the beginnings of root, stem and leaves
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Cotyledons Food stored inside one or two seed leaves
Embryo uses food stored in seed to help it continue to grow EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Seed Coat Outer covering of seed
Acts like plastic wrap and keeps the seed and its food from drying out Allows seed to remain dormant for a long time EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Needs of Seeds Light Water Nutrients
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Seed Dispersal Scattering of seeds Dispersed many ways Animals Water
digestion fur or people’s clothing Water Wind Some plants shoot out their seeds EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Germination Early growth stage of the embryo Steps to germination
Seed absorbs water from the environment Embryo uses stored food to begin to grow Embryo’s roots grow down, then leaves and stem grow upward EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Germination Seeds which are dispersed far away from the parent have a better chance of survival because it does not have to compete for nutrients, light and water EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Leaves Most numerous part to a plant
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Leaves Most numerous part to a plant Role – capture the sun’s energy and carry out the food making process of photosynthesis
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Leaf Structure Bottom and top layers which protect cells
Leaf veins that contain the xylem and phloem Stomata – underside of leaf has small pores or openings Opens and closes to control the amount of gas that enters and leaves the leaf EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Leaf and Photosynthesis
Top layer of leaf contains chloroplasts Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts trap sun’s energy EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Leaf and Photosynthesis
Carbon Dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata Water, which is absorbed by the plants roots, travels up to plant through xylem Sugar and oxygen are produced from the CO2 and H2O. EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Leaf and Photosynthesis
Oxygen exits leaf through stomata Sugar enters the phloem and then travels throughout the plant EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Controlling Water Loss
Transpiration – process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves Plants slow down transpiration by closing the stomata EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Stems Two important functions
Carries substances between roots and leaves Supports plant so leaves are exposed to the sun EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Structure of a Stem Two types of stems
Herbaceous – soft and flexible Woody-hard and rigid Both types contain phloem and xylem EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Woody Stems Bark - added layer of protection
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? Bark - added layer of protection Heartwood – inner layers for additional support
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Layers of a Woody Stem Bark Phloem
Cambium -cells that produce new phloem and xylem Active xylem Heartwood- inactive xylem Pith – center of stem, stores food and water in young trees EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Annual Rings Represent one year in a tree’s growth Made of xylem
Light rings grow in spring Dark rings grow in summer Two rings together make one year’s growth EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Roots Anchor plants Absorb water and nutrients
EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Types of Roots EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers? 2 types Taproot – long thick root with thin roots branching off – carrot, radish, dandelion, cactus Fibrous- several main roots that branch repeatedly – lawn, corn, trees
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Structure of Root Root cap – contains dead cells, protects root from injury Dividing cells – cause root to lengthen Root hairs – grow out of root surface – increases the surface area of the roots Cambium Vascular tissue in center EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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Class Work and Homework
Fill In What did I learn Confused Say EQ: How do I describe the function of leaves, stems, roots and flowers?
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