1. Amal Alghamdi 346 MIC

2.  Aim: to measure the chlorides in soil.  Materials:  Soil samples  White porcelain crucible/dish  Burette  Dropper  Beakers  Glass Rod  50 ml volumetric pipette  1 ml graduated pipette

3.  Reagents:  Standard silver nitrate  Potassium chromate indicator Procedure: 1. Prepare soil solution by taking 10 gm of soil into a measuring cylinder and making the volume to 100 ml by adding distilled water. 2. Add 50 ml of soil solution in a porcelain dish. 3. To this now add 1 ml of potassium chromate indicator. 4. The indicator gives a yellow colour to the sample. 5. This is titrated against silver nitrate until brick red colour develops. 6. Note the amount of silver nitrate consumed.

4.  Results:  Calculation: Amount of chloride in soil mg  Interferce:  Conclusion: SamplesourceBurette readingAmount of AgNO 3 consumed initialfinal

5.  Aim: to determine the nitrate content of the given soil sample.  Materials:  Soil samples  Distilled water  White spot plate  Diphenylamine  Concentrated sulphuric acid

6.  Procedure:  Prepare a clear solution of each type of soil in distilled water (soil 1 part : water 5 parts).  Take a small amount of each solution on white spot plate.  Add to each sample,on white spot plate, 2-3 drops of diphenylamine an 2 drops of conc. Sulphuric acid.  Blue colour will develops  Note the degree of colour or depth (intensity).  Arrange according to the degree of depth of colour.  The darker the colour the more amount of nitrate present.

7.  Results:  Record the depth of colour using +, ++,+++,++++.  Interference:  Conclusion: