1. C ATHOLICS AND P ROTESTANTS

2. C OUNCIL OF T RENT The Catholic Church realized it needed to make some changes. The Council of Trent was a group of bishops who met throughout 1545-1563 to discuss different reforms. 1. Stopped selling indulgences 2. Gave priests and bishops rules to follow 3. Set up a seminary to train new priests

3. S PANISH I NQUISITION A religious court set out to find and punish those guilty of heresy - beliefs that opposed Church teaching Executed 2,000 Spaniards Arts still flourished in Spain Cervantes wrote Don Quixote ; tale of a comical knight and his servant

4. T HE S PANISH A RMADA England became very powerful under Queen Elizabeth I Spain was the leading Catholic power under Philip II They supported each other until: The English helped the Dutch attack Spain for freedom Spain retaliated sending the Spanish Armada

5. S PANISH A RMADA A huge fleet of ships was sent to England England was prepared to break their formations English had smaller, faster ships Spain had big ships with many guns The English were able to bring a retreat from the Spanish by funneling the Spanish through the English Channel. Spain was still powerful, but it was noted that England could defeat them…. now they are rivals. Queen Elizabeth I

6. F RENCH C ONFLICT France was mostly Catholic, but there were some Protestants- known as the Huguenots King of France died and his 10 year old son became king- Charles His mother- Catherine de’Medici- ruled on his behalf Catherine tried to appease both sides (Catholic and Protestants)

7. F RENCH C IVIL W AR Catherine tried to keep the peace, but she then allowed Catholic nobles to kill the leading Huguenots in Paris in 1572 Catholics formed mobs and killed many Protestants and burned their homes Many Protestants fled France, but those who stayed behind were led by a Huguenot prince- Henry of Navarre of the Bourbon Family He was in line for the throne of France

8. H ENRY OF N AVARRE Henry of Navarre became King Henry IV of France in 1589 He wanted to restore peace, so he converted to Catholicism. 1598 he issued the Edict of Nantes which made Catholicism the official religion of France, but Huguenots could worship freely.

9. T HIRTY Y EARS ’ W AR Most violent religious war during the Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire. Protestant nobles rebelled in Bohemia against their Catholic king The German Protestants protested, too- then it spread all across the empire. Lasted from 1618-1648

10. Sweden and Denmark supported the Protestants (sent troops) Spain and the Holy Roman Empire supported the Catholics France wanting to gain power helped the Protestants Turned into a war over religion, territory, wealth, and power

11. Germans suffered tremendously The Holy Roman Emperor asked for peace A peace treaty was signed- Peace of Westphalia War weakened Spain and the HRE; made France stronger