1. The Periodic Table
Grade 10 Science

2. Arranging Elements
Demitri Mendeleev – Looked at all the different elements and decided they needed to be put into some sort of order.
When organizing the elements he began to find similar patterns repeating in the elements.
“periodic” means something that repeats, patterns

3. By following the patterns, scientist began to look for elements that filled in holes on the periodic table.
Eventually, new elements were found to fill in the holes on the periodic table.

4. H Element Squares Atomic Number 1 Chemical Symbol Element Name
Hydrogen
1.0
Atomic Mass
Each element is presented on a square, the information within that square provides scientist with a lot of information.

5. Extended Periodic table

6. On your table use a black marker to show where the extended table fits on your periodic table.

7. Make sure you are keeping a legend at the bottom of your periodic table!

8. Classes of Elements Elements have 3 different categories Metals
Found to the left of the zigzag line, most of them are solids
Non-metals
Found to the right of the zigzag line, more than half are gases at room temperature
Metalloids
Border the zigzag line, share properties of metals and non-metals.

9. Overall Trends 3 categories of elements
Metals
Non metals
Metalloids
Recall that each of these categories of elements share physical and chemical characteristics.
On your periodic table shade in the following
Draw the zigzag with red marker
Metals blue
Non- metals  green
Metalloids  red

10. Metalloids
Metals
Non-Metals

11. States of Elements
The states of the elements at normal temperature (0⁰C) and pressure.
Liquids – 80 & 35 Trace those elements in purple
Gases – 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 17, 18, 36, 54, 86  Trace the gases in Orange

12. States

13. Organizing Elements
The periodic table is organized in ways to help chemists understand the various properties of the elements.
Can you remember what are examples of the physical and chemical properties of elements?

14. Groups Group or Family : Vertical column
All elements in the same group share chemical properties
On your periodic table label the groups 1 18
Some of these groups are given names because they share an important characteristic

15. Alkali Metals
Nobel Gases

16. Special Groups Group 1: Alkali Metals One valence electron
Most reactive
Often stored in oil
Found in nature in compounds
Properties: soft, silver colour, shiny
Group 18 - Nobel Gases
8 valence electrons
Unreactive
Gases
Small amounts in atmosphere
Properties: colourless, odourless,

17. Groups Group 1 = 1 electron Group 2 = 2 electrons 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
Group 2 = 2 electrons
Each column is called a “group”
3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in their outer orbital, also known as “shells”.
The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons”

18. Patterns: Groups Elements in:
Group 1 have 1 valence electron (outer shell)
7 missing to be full - VERY REACTIVE
Group 17 have 7 valence electrons
1 missing to be full - REACTIVE
Group 18 have 8 valence electrons
Full shell - STABLE

19. Periods Periods: horizontal rows on the periodic table
Elements in the same period share physical properties
Label Periods 1 7 on your periodic table

20. Periods Each row is called a “period” The elements in each period
have the same number of shells
1st Period = 1 Shell
2nd Period = 2 Shells
3rd Period = 3 Shells
4th Period = 4 Shells

21. BIGGER
Smaller

22. SO what!?
Helps identify the chemical and physical properties of elements.
The periodic table helps scientists predict how elements will react with one another.
Helps to identify elements that are missing.

23. Brainpop