1. Basic Principles of Phlebotomy Part III: Safety & Equipment
CLS 424 Phlebotomy
Student Lab Rotation

2. Safety Practices:  For infection to spread:
Infectious substance: HBV, HCV, HIV
Mode of transmission
Susceptible host 
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

3. Modes of Transmission:
Parenteral: any route other than the digestive tract
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Subcutaneous
Mucosal
Ingestion
Non-intact skin: chapped hands, cuts, cuticles
Percutaneous: needles, sharps
Permucosal: mouth, nose, eyes
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

4. Safety Practices: Infection Control: stop the spread of infection
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

5. Safety: Infection Control
Hand washing
Primary means of preventing spread of infection (especially nosocomial)
Minimum 15 seconds, soap, friction
Wash hands before and after each blood draw
PPE
Lab coat
Gloves
Mask
Standard precautions at all times
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

6. Safety: Engineering Controls
PPE
Sharps containers
Safer medical devices
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

7. Safer Medical Devices:
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

8. Equipment: PPE: gloves, lab coat, mask Cleaning agent
Alcohol pads: routine
Povidone iodine: blood culture collection and blood gases
Soap and water: alcohol testing, allergies
Cotton balls, gauze
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

9. Equipment: Bandage, tape (use caution with children) Sharps container:
Discard needles,
lancets
Biohazard marking
Puncture resistant
NEVER recap, bend
break needles
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

10. Equipment: 6. Tourniquets: Slows venous blood flow down
Causes veins to become more prominent
NEVER leave on for >1 minute
AVOID rigorous fist clenching or hand pumping (potassium, lactic acid, LD)
Latex allergy
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

11. Tying on the Tourniquet:
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

12. Equipment: 7. Needles NEVER reuse a needle
NEVER use if shield is broken
NEVER recap, cut, bend or break
Drop immediately into sharps container after venipuncture
Size of needle is indicated by gauge:
Larger gauge number indicates smaller needle diameter
21, 23 gauge needles routinely used for phlebotomy
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

13. Needles: Used with syringe system Used with vacutainer system
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

14. Multi-sample Needle:
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

15. Butterfly Needle:
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

16. Butterfly Needle: Most often used with syringe
Expensive, thus not used for routine draws
Used for small, fragile veins
Increased risk of needle stick injury
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

17. Equipment: 8. Tube holder/ vacutainer adapter Threaded Flanges
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

18. Equipment: Syringe Black water proof pen
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

19. Syringe Safety Device:
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

20. Labeling Blood Collection Tubes:
Black indelible marker (water proof)
Never pencil
Legal document
Print legibly
Required information: 5 items
Patient name
Identification number
Date of draw (mm,dd,yyyy)
Time of draw (military time)
Phlebotomist signature: first initial, last name
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture

21. Vacutainer or Syringe? Vacutainer Syringe Most often used
Most economical
Quick
Least risk of accidental needle stick
Syringe
More control
Reposition easily
Will see ‘flash’ of blood in syringe hub when vein successfully entered
CLS 424 Phlebotomy Student Lab Rotation: Phlebotomy Lecture