1. 1. The chemistry of carbon allows the formation of varied organic molecules which accounts for _____.
A. the sameness of living things B. the diversity of living things C. both A and B
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2. 2. Which of the following is considered a macromolecule?
A. nucleic acid B. amino acid C. fatty acid D. none of the above
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3. 3. Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________.
A. carbon and nitrogen B. hydrogen and carbon C. hydrogen and phosphorus D. carbon and potassium
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4. 4. Inorganic molecules do not affect living things.
True False
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5. A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. salts D. nucleic acids
5. Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules?
A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. salts D. nucleic acids
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6. 6. Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water.
True False
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7. 7. Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as _____ other atoms.
A. two B. four C. six D. eight
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8. 8. Functional groups of organic molecules __________.
A. determine the polarity of an organic molecule B. have specific chemical characteristics C. can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another D. all of the above
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9. A. condensation synthesis B. ionization C. hydrolysis D. phagocytosis
9. The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________.
A. condensation synthesis B. ionization C. hydrolysis D. phagocytosis
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10. 10. During condensation synthesis, water and a bond are formed.
True False
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11. 11. Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer?
A. monosaccharide - polysaccharide B. nucleic acid - polypeptide C. nucleotide - nucleic acid D. amino acid - polypeptide
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12. 12. During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond.
A. starch B. cholesterol C. water D. DNA
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13. 13. Carbons only bond with other carbons in a chain-like formation.
True False
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14. 14. Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way.
True False
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15. 15. Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and oxygen atoms.
True False
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16. 16. Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A. ribose B. glucose C. phospholipid D. starch
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17. A. hydrolysis B. condensation
17. A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______.
A. hydrolysis B. condensation
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18. 18. Which of the following is an isomer of glucose?
A. chitin B. starch C. lactose D. fructose
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19. 19. Cellulose is easily digested by humans.
True False
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20. A. cellulose B. lactose C. starch D. glucose
20. Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest.
A. cellulose B. lactose C. starch D. glucose
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21. 21. Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots.
A. starch B. cellulose C. glycogen D. chitin
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22. 22. Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates?
A. energy storage B. identification of cell type C. plant cell wall support D. all of the above
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23. A. glucose B. chitin C. glycogen D. maltose
23. Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and grasshoppers?
A. glucose B. chitin C. glycogen D. maltose
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24. 24. Animal cells store extra glucose as _____.
A. starch B. chitin C. cellulose D. glycogen
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25. 25. Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____.
A. DNA B. RNA
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26. 26. Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____.
A. oils B. waxes C. sugars D. proteins
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27. 27. Which best describes a saturated fat?
A. many C=C bonds in its fatty acids B. liquid at room temperature C. animal origin D. all of the above
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28. 28. Fats from plants are liquid at room temperature.
True False
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29. 29. After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____.
A. many amino acids B. different types of nucleotides C. fatty acids and glycerol D. monosaccharides and disaccharides
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30. 30. Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with cardiovascular disease.
True False
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31. 31. Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids?
A. speed up chemical reactions B. insulation C. plasma membrane component D. long-term energy storage
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32. 32. Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups.
A. hydrophobic B. hydrophilic C. inert
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33. A. oils B. steroids C. waxes D. phospholipids
33. _____ form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss.
A. oils B. steroids C. waxes D. phospholipids
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34. 34. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids).
True False
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35. 35. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____.
A. phospholipids B. waxes C. fats D. all of the above
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36. 36. The Aqua Puffs cereal, in figure 3A, that has no saturated fat and no cholesterol would be a recommended food for someone trying to lower their risk of coronary heart disease.
True False
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37. A. saturated fats B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. cholesterol
37. Dieticians recommend that the majority of our dietary calories come from ______.
A. saturated fats B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. cholesterol
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38. 38. Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?
A. It is a steroid. B. It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. C. It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings. D. all of the above
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39. 39. Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape?
A. temperature B. pH C. either A or B
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40. 40. The monomers of proteins are _____.
A. amino acids B. monosaccharides C. glycerol D. nucleotides
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41. A. hormones B. transport proteins C. enzymes D. antibodies
41. Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents?
A. hormones B. transport proteins C. enzymes D. antibodies
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42. 42. Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another.
True False
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43. A. amino group B. R group C. carboxyl group
43. The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____.
A. amino group B. R group C. carboxyl group
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44. 44. When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured by the heat.
True False
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45. 45. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____.
A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure
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46. 46. All proteins have four levels of structure.
True False
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47. 47. The bond between two amino acids is ______.
A. formed by hydrolysis B. an ionic bond C. nonpolar D. know as a peptide bond
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48. 48. The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is associated with its _____.
A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure
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49. 49. Once a protein has been denatured it will never regain its normal shape and function.
True False
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50. 50. Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger?
A. hormone B. antibody C. enzyme
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51. 51. DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded.
True False
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52. 52. In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases.
True False
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53. 53. Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide?
A. a pentose sugar B. phosphate C. peptide bonds D. a nitrogen-containing base
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54. 54. Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____.
A. polypeptides B. nucleic acids C. polysaccharides D. lipids
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55. 55. ATP is a high-energy molecule because two of its phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken.
True False
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56. A. ionic bonds B. hydrogen bonds C. covalent bonds
56. The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and pyrimidine bases.
A. ionic bonds B. hydrogen bonds C. covalent bonds
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57. A. adenosine triphosphate B. guanine C. thymine D. cytosine
57. The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____.
A. adenosine triphosphate B. guanine C. thymine D. cytosine
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58. 58. The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is _____.
A. ATP B. RNA C. DNA
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59. 59. DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s).
A. one B. two C. three D. four
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60. 60. The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA.
True False
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