1. Time and Money: Using Federal Data to Measure the Value of Performing Arts Activities May 2011 Office of Research & Analysis National Endowment for the Arts arts.gov/research 1

2. Size of Industry, Workforce, Revenue -United States Census Bureau Consumer Spending -Bureau of Economic Analysis Consumer Spending -Bureau of Labor Statistics Value as Expressed by 2

3. U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Establishments) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 = for-profit 5,000 10,000 4,899 2,500 7,500 Furniture repair shops Movie theaters General medical and surgical hospitals 3

4. U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Establishments) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 5,000 8,840 10,000 Life insurance firms Business, management, and computer training schools Men’s clothing stores 2,500 7,500 4,899 = not-for-profit = for-profit 4

5. 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 54,000 Cable companies Public relations agencies Computer and office machine repair U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Paid Workers) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 = for-profit 5

6. U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Paid Workers) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 127,648 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 Catering Marketing consultancies Ambulance services 54,000 = not-for-profit = for-profit 6

7. U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Number of Paid Workers) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 Oil and gas pipeline construction Advertising agencies Coffee shops 183,648 127,648 54,000 = not-for-profit= for-profit= self-employed 7

8. U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Total Revenue of Organizations) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 $5 bil. $8 bil. $10 bil. $15 bil. $20 bil. Cafeterias and buffets Drycleaning and laundry services Parking lots and garages = for-profit 8

9. U.S. Performing Arts Industry (Total Revenue of Organizations) Source: U.S. Economic Census, 2007 $13.6 bil. $5 bil. $10 bil. $15 bil. $20 bil. HR consulting services Ambulatory surgical and emergency centers Direct mail advertising $8 bil. = for-profit = not-for-profit 9

10. Not-for-Profit Performing Arts Industry Revenue by Source Source: 2007 Economic Census, U.S. Census Bureau Earned Income Contributed Income Individuals 21% Foundations 8% Business 6% Government 4% Other 2% Other Income Total: $5.6 bil. 10

11. $14.5 bil. U.S. Consumer Spending on Admissions $5 bil. $9 bil. $13 bil. $17 bil. $21 bil. Sporting events Performing arts Movie theaters Museums and libraries Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, 2009 Car, van, and truck rentals ($11.4 bil.) Moving, storage, and freight delivery ($15.5 bil.) Parking fees and tolls ($15.6 bil.) $6 bil. $10.5 bil. $20.5 bil. 11

12. Size of Industry, Workforce, Revenue - United States Census Bureau Consumer Spending - Bureau of Economic Analysis Consumer Spending -Bureau of Labor Statistics Value as Expressed by 12

13. 13 Movie attendance 1 mil. 2 mil. 3 mil. 4 mil. Number of Americans Doing Selected Cultural Activities on an Average Day Sports attendance Museum visits Performing arts attendance Other arts and entertainment Arts/crafts activities Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009

14. 14 Movie attendance 1 mil. 2 mil. 3 mil. 4 mil. Number of Americans Doing Selected Cultural Activities on an Average Day Sports attendance Museum visits Performing arts attendance Other arts and entertainment Arts/crafts activities 6.5 mil. did at least one activity Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009

15. Percent of those who attend, by time of day WHEN DO THEY ATTEND? Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009 15

16. 16 WHERE DO THEY ATTEND? 65% 10% 9% 8% 4% 36% 64% Places of Worship Schools Outdoors, away from home Bars and restaurants Other Performing Arts Attendees “Other” Arts and Entertainment Attendees Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009

17. 17 Time spent on an average day Watching TV and movies 3:18 Sports-going 2:48 “Other” arts and entertainment 2:42 Performing arts attendance 2:36 Arts/crafts 2:30 Museum-going 2:24 Write for personal interest 1:36 Use computer for leisure 1:30 Read for personal interest 1:24 TIME SPENT ON SELECTED CULTURAL ACTIVITIES How long? Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009

18. Percent of Americans doing the activity with friends Performing arts attendance 41% Sports-going 33% Movie-going 31% Other arts and entertainment 23% Museum-going 19% Arts/crafts 5% Watch TV and movies 5% Use computer for leisure 2% Write for personal interest 1% Read for personal interest <1% TIME SPENT ON SELECTED CULTURAL ACTIVITIES With whom? 18 Source: American Time Use Survey, 2003-2009

19. Social Capital -Performing arts attendees are 3.5 times more likely than non- attendees to volunteer in their communities -Regardless of education, gender, or age, performing arts attendance boosts the likelihood of volunteering by 25 percentage points -1.6 million Americans volunteer primarily or secondarily with arts organizations, and 7.1 million provide “free artistic services” to non-arts groups (Source: Nichols et al., NEA Research Notes #94 and #95, 2007) Value as Expressed by 19

20. Measures of Subjective Well-Being Happiness Surveys

21. Measures of subjective well-being have recently gained credence (Stiglitz and Sen) Alan Krueger and the National Institute on Aging (Scale of 0-6) 4.3 happiness score for listening to music 2.7 happiness score for doing homework Special considerations for arts participation Happiness Surveys

22. Other Models, Other Measures Economic Impact Studies (New spending, indirect spending/multipliers) Contingent Valuation Studies (Willingness to pay) Hedonic Housing Price Models (Proximity to arts and culture) Cultural Asset Clusters (Social and economic development)

23. 23