1. Polar vs. Non Polar Molecules

2. Covalent/Molecular Compounds All molecular compounds are either polar or nonpolar

3. Polar Molecules In polar molecules, electrons are not shared equally.

4. Molecular Polarity Depends on 2 factors Symmetry of shape Bond polarity

5. Bond Polarity A bond is polar if it has a dipole moment. Bond Dipole Moment: The electrons in a covalent bond connecting two different atoms are not equally shared by the atoms due to the electronegativity difference between the two elements. If F, O, N, or Cl is bonded to a nonmetal other than itself, then the bond has a dipole  *** N Cl = no dipole F ON C Polar Nonpolar Al Cl

6. Nonpolar Molecules Molecules without positive and negative sides (dipole) Symmetrical or the same on their exterior

7. Polar Molecules Molecules with a positive and negative side (dipole) Asymmetrical

8. Causes of Polarity 1. Asymmetrical shape Trigonal pyramidal Bent 2. Unshared e- on the central atom 3. Polar bonds (see slide 5)

9. Causes of Polarity Asymmetrical Shape Example- CH 3 Cl

10. Shapes Polar/Nonpolar Tetrahedral Linear Trigonal Planar Depends on Symmetry Always Polar Bent Pyramidal Always asymmetrical

11. SymmetricalAssymetrical NonpolarPolar

12. SymmetricalAssymetrical NonpolarPolar

13. SymmetricalAssymetrical NonpolarPolar