1. 8/15/2015 http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu 1 Differentiation-Discrete Functions Major: All Engineering Majors Authors: Autar Kaw, Sri Harsha Garapati http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu Transforming Numerical Methods Education for STEM Undergraduates

2. Differentiation –Discrete Functions http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu

3. 3 Forward Difference Approximation For a finite

4. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu4 Figure 1 Graphical Representation of forward difference approximation of first derivative. Graphical Representation Of Forward Difference Approximation

5. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu5 Example 1 The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function of time in Table 1. Using forward divided difference, find the acceleration of the rocket at. tv(t) sm/s 00 10227.04 15362.78 20517.35 22.5602.97 30901.67 Table 1 Velocity as a function of time

6. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu6 Example 1 Cont. To find the acceleration at, we need to choose the two values closest to, that also bracket to evaluate it. The two points are and. Solution

7. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu7 Example 1 Cont.

8. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu8 Direct Fit Polynomials In this method, given data points one can fit a order polynomial given by To find the first derivative, Similarly other derivatives can be found.

9. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu9 Example 2-Direct Fit Polynomials The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function of time in Table 2. Using the third order polynomial interpolant for velocity, find the acceleration of the rocket at. tv(t) sm/s 00 10227.04 15362.78 20517.35 22.5602.97 30901.67 Table 2 Velocity as a function of time

10. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu10 Example 2-Direct Fit Polynomials cont. For the third order polynomial (also called cubic interpolation), we choose the velocity given by Since we want to find the velocity at, and we are using third order polynomial, we need to choose the four points closest to and that also bracket to evaluate it. The four points are Solution

11. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu11 Example 2-Direct Fit Polynomials cont. such that Writing the four equations in matrix form, we have

12. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu12 Example 2-Direct Fit Polynomials cont. Solving the above four equations gives Hence

13. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu13 Example 2-Direct Fit Polynomials cont. Figure 1 Graph of upward velocity of the rocket vs. time.

14. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu14 Example 2-Direct Fit Polynomials cont., The acceleration at t=16 is given by Given that

15. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu15 Lagrange Polynomial In this method, given, one can fit a order Lagrangian polynomial given by where ‘’ in stands for the order polynomial that approximates the function given atdata points as, and a weighting function that includes a product ofterms with terms of omitted.

16. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu16 Then to find the first derivative, one can differentiate for other derivatives. For example, the second order Lagrange polynomial passing through is Differentiating equation (2) gives once, and so on Lagrange Polynomial Cont.

17. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu17 Differentiating again would give the second derivative as Lagrange Polynomial Cont.

18. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu18 Example 3 Determine the value of the acceleration at using the second order Lagrangian polynomial interpolation for velocity. tv(t) sm/s 00 10227.04 15362.78 20517.35 22.5602.97 30901.67 Table 3 Velocity as a function of time The upward velocity of a rocket is given as a function of time in Table 3.

19. http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu19 Solution Example 3 Cont.

20. Additional Resources For all resources on this topic such as digital audiovisual lectures, primers, textbook chapters, multiple-choice tests, worksheets in MATLAB, MATHEMATICA, MathCad and MAPLE, blogs, related physical problems, please visit http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu/topics/discrete_02 dif.html

21. THE END http://numericalmethods.eng.usf.edu