2. Europe in 1919

4. Maimed German WW I Veteran

5. The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans

6. German “Revolutions” [1918]

7. German Freikorps

8. Sparticist Poster

9. The Spartacist League Rosa Luxemburg [1870-1919] murdered by the Freikorps Karl Liebknecht [1871- 1919] Murdered by the Freikorps

10. Friedrich Ebert: First President of the Weimar Republic

11. The Parliament Constitution established a two house parliament– –Lower house= Reichstag –Allotted seats to the parties in direct proportion to the percentage of votes they polled in the election –Positive: assured representation to minor parties –Negative: encouraged the development of a multi party system which made it impossible for anyone party to have a majority

12. The Parliament cont… –Upper house: Reichsrat –Consisted of representatives elected by the parliaments of the eighteen German states –It had the power to delay the passage of legislation but could not permanently block bills favored by the Reichstag.

13. The German Government: 1919- 1920

14. The French in the Ruhr: 1923

15. The French Occupation of the Ruhr

16. The German Mark

18. The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923

19. The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized

20. Hitler in Landesberg Prison

21. Mein Kampf [My Struggle] In the book Hitler: gives a semifictionalized account of his life Expresses his ideas of: German racial superiority German nationalism Anti- Semitism Anti- Marxism Set forth what German foreign policy should be Germany was vigorous and growing country that needed lebensraum (living space

22. European Debts to the United States

23. The Dawes Plan (1924) Main Points 1. The Ruhr area was to to be evacuated by Allied occupation troops 2. Reparation payments would begin at “one billion marks the first year and increase to two and half billion annually after five years” 3. The German Reichsbank would be reorganized under Allied supervision 4. The sources of reparation money would include transportation, and taxes Main Points 1. The Ruhr area was to to be evacuated by Allied occupation troops 2. Reparation payments would begin at “one billion marks the first year and increase to two and half billion annually after five years” 3. The German Reichsbank would be reorganized under Allied supervision 4. The sources of reparation money would include transportation, and taxes Results 1.Short term economic benefits to the German economy 2.Softened the burden of war reparations 3.Stabilized the currency 4.Brought increased foreign investment and loans to the German market 5.Made the German economy dependent on foreign markets and economy

24. The Young Plan (1930) For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

25. Timeline 1925- Paul von Hindenburg wins presidential election in Germany 1930- World Depression strikes Germany (Banks fail, foreign trade declines, factories close, millions are unemployed) 1930- von Hindenburg names Heinrich Bruning chancellor (Reichstag majority disagrees and Hindenburg invokes article 48 of the constitution which authorizes him to rule by decree) 1930- extremist parties make substantial gains (Nazis & communists)

26. Weimar Germany: Political Representation [1920-1933] Political Parties in the Reichstag May 1924 Dec. 1924 May 1928 Sep. 1930 July 1932 Nov. 1932 Mar. 1933 Communist Party (KPD) 624554778910081 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 100131153143133121120 Catholic Centre Party (BVP) 81887887979093 Nationalist Party (DNVP) 9510373413752 Nazi Party (NSDAP) 321412107230196288 Other Parties 102112121122223523

27. Nazis Fascist Party of Germany Won the support of the lower middle class and peasantry Voters were strongly nationalistic in their political views Most Nazi supporters were Protestant (German Catholics remained loyal to the Catholic Center Party)

29. League of Nations Members

30. Washington Naval Conference [1921-1922] U. S. Britain Japan France Italy 5 5 3 1.67 1.67

31. The Maginot Line

32. Locarno Pact: 1925

33. Gustave Stresemann (Ger.) Aristide Briand (Fr.) Austin Chamberlain (Br.)  Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.  Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.  Guaranteed the common boundaries of Belgium, France, and Germany as specified in the Treaty of Versailles of 1919.  Germany signed treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia, agreeing to change the eastern borders of Germany by arbitration only.

34. Kellogg-Briand Pact: 1928  15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.  Problem  no way of enforcement.  15 nations committed to outlawing aggression and war for settling disputes.  Problem  no way of enforcement.

36. The Great Depression [1929-1941] Paris in 1930 London in 1930

37. German Unemployment: 1929-1938

38. The Great Depression [1929-1941]

39. German Election Results in 1933

40. The “New Napoleons?”