1. Introduction to Chinese Domain Name ZHANG Hong Zhangh@cnnic.cn Aug 24, 2003

2. Agenda IDN CDN Current Status

3. IDN IDN （ Internationalized Domain Name ） Introduce international characters into DNS Main technical specification IDNA Nameprep （ stringprep ） ACE (punycode)

4. IDN Architecture

5. CDN CDN(Chinese Domain Name) Using Chinese Characters in DNS Characters in CDN: Letters （ A-Z ， a- z), Digital （ 0-9 ）, “ - ”, Chinese Characters(about 20,000) Delimiter: “. ” equals to “ 。 ”, For user input convenience

6. Related Organization IETF: IDN WG JET (Joint Engineer Team) CNNIC 、 JPNIC 、 TWNIC 、 KRNIC 、 HKNIC 、 MONIC,etc.. (CJK) CDNC （ Chinese Domain Name Consortium ） CNNIC 、 TWNIC 、 HKNIC 、 MONIC.

7. Regulation and Standard Chinese Ministry of Information Industry No. [2002] 555 No. [2002] 429 IETF RFC3490 ， RFC3491 ， RFC3492 ， RFC3454

8. Character (or Code) Variants Character (or Code) variants refer to variants that are generated by character-by-character (or code-by-code) substitution Example, In English would be "A" or "a" In Chinese would be 飛 (U+98DB) or 飞 (U+98DE) and 機 (U+6A5F) or 机 (U+673A) Plane ：飞机，飛機，飞機，飛机

9. ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode) unifies the Han Ideograph, which is used by Chinese. Japanese and Korean, CJK have its variants and language issues Nameprep did not handle these variants, therefore, there are multiple possible variants for one IDN (in CJK) Character (or Code) Variants

10. Solutions IDN-Admin-Guideline IDN Registration and Administration Guideline for CJK Currently IETF Draft

11. CDN Architecture Load Punycode Data CDN user input Convert Local encoding into Unicode IDNA Punycode encoding CDN TC/SC redundancy Data Application-CDN supported DNS serverApplication server e.g. Email server Web server CDN TC/SC equivalence

12. How it Work? registration RRP/EPP delegation resolution Registrar Registry DNS Adminisrtator DNS Server(s) IDNA Registration&Administration Guideline

13. CDN Current Application Input in Browser ： http:// 中文.cn http:// 中文.cn CNNIC CDN client Some browsers support IETF Standard Mozilla （ Netscape ） Open Source Software GNU LibIDN http://josefsson.org/libidn/ Others …

14. CNNIC CDN Client WEB Browser –CDN-> Punycode –Support Multiple IMEs –Win98, WinMe, Win2000, WinXP…. –Internet Explorer 4.0.1 and Up Email –According to IETF RFC/Draft –Support username in Chinese characters –Convert user@CDN in To/CC email bar to Punycode, give user new experience about mail address in Chinese charactersuser@CDN

15. Organizational Structure  Registry ： CNNIC  Maintain the central database of domain names  Administration and policy maker  Registrars ： 23+ Registrars within China  Provide customers with registration services  Agents (Resellers) ： over 2,000, authorized by the 23+ registrars

16. Thanks!