2. IAU STRATEGIC PLAN “ASTRONOMY FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD” BUILDING FROM IYA 2009 Why astronomy for capacity building? Present IAU activities - education and development Vision goals and strategy of plan Implementation and present status GEORGE MILEY Leiden University IAU Executive Committee http://iau.org/static/education/strategicplan_091001.pdf

3. INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION International organization of professional astronomers –Promote and safeguard science of astronomy –Founded 1919 –~10,000 members in 90 countries –64 affiliated countries Member of International Council for Science (ICSU) Tasks –Organizes and funds international scientific meetings –Defines fundamental astronomical constants etc. –Assigns names to celestial bodies –Informal catalyser for future international large-scale facilities Promotes educational activities in astronomy –Traditionally astronomy at university level –International Year of Astronomy

4. TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CULTURE AND SOCIETY IMPORTANT INGREDIENTS OF DEVELOPMENT

5. ASTRONOMY TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CULTURE AND SOCIETY WHY ASTRONOMY FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD?

6. ASTRONOMY OPTICS High-precision adaptive optics COMPUTERS Fastest hardware Complex software ELECTRONICS Most sensitive detectors Fastest clocks SPACE Satellites Miniaturization Precision TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS

7. CUTTING-EDGE TECHNOLOGY SALT – South Africa SUBARU – Japan/ Hawaii HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE US - Europe VERY LARGE TELESCOPE Europe - Chile SALT – Southern Africa +

8. Shanghai, ChinaKashima, JapanParkes, Australia LINKING CONTINENTS WITH VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETERS GIANT METREWAVE RADIO TELESCOPE PUNE, INDIA ATACAMA MILLIMETER ARRAY Europe, US, Japan, Taiwan, Chile RECEIVER INTEGRATION UNITS In Asia (Taiwan), Europe (UK) and US

9. ASTRONOMY OPTICS High-precision adaptive optics COMPUTERS Fastest hardware Complex software ELECTRONICS Most sensitive detectors Fastest clocks SPACE Satellites Miniaturization Precision PHYSICS Laboratory of extremes Making heavy elements CHEMISTRY Producing organic molecules BIOLOGY Building blocks of life MATHEM- ATICS Abstract thought TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS SCIENCE AND RESEARCH

10. ASTRONOMY AS SCIENCE Inexpensive laboratories for studying laws of physics under extreme conditions: –Largest energies (~ 10 61 erg). –Largest densities 10 18 kg/m3. –Most tenuous vacuum –Largest sizes > 10 million light years Frontier science do-able from anywhere in world

11. ASTRONOMY OPTICS High-precision adaptive optics COMPUTERS Fastest hardware Complex software ELECTRONICS Most sensitive detectors Fastest clocks SPACE Satellites Miniaturization Precision PHYSICS Laboratory of extremes Making heavy elements CHEMISTRY Producing organic molecules BIOLOGY Building blocks of life MATHEM- ATICS Application of sophisticated formalisms INSPIRATION Career in science and technology ANTHRO- POLOGY Ancient civilizations Our roots HISTORY Evolution of Universe Our roots PERSPECTIVE IMMENSITY OF UNIVERSE Tolerance and global citizenship TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CULTURE AND SOCIETY

12. Ireland, Newgrange, 4500 BC England, Stonehenge, 3100 BC Egypt, Nabta 4300 BC Egypt, Karnak, 2000 BC Inner Mongolia, Baimiaozi, 4000 BC MEGALITHIC “ASTRONOMY” Japan, Kanayama ~ 3000 - 4000 BC

13. ASTRONOMY OPTICS High-precision adaptive optics COMPUTERS Fastest hardware Complex software ELECTRONICS Most sensitive detectors Fastest clocks SPACE Satellites Miniaturization Precision PHYSICS Laboratory of extremes Making heavy elements CHEMISTRY Producing organic molecules BIOLOGY Building blocks of life MATHEM- ATICS Application of sophisticated formalisms INSPIRATION Career in science and technology ANTHRO- POLOGY Ancient civilizations Our roots HISTORY Evolution of Universe Our roots PERSPECTIVE IMMENSITY OF UNIVERSE Tolerance and global citizenship TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CULTURE AND SOCIETY

14. HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE Everything came out of the Big Bang!!

15. RELIC OF BIG BANG UNIVERSE 3 x 10 5 YR OLD (z ~ 1000) COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND Temperature Variations Measured with WMAP Satellite ~ 1 part in 100,000!!!!! Temperature 2.725K +- 0.002K “Black body” to remarkable accuracy Highly uniform over sky

16. ASTRONOMY OPTICS High-precision adaptive optics COMPUTERS Fastest hardware Complex software ELECTRONICS Most sensitive detectors Fastest clocks SPACE Satellites Miniaturization Precision PHYSICS Laboratory of extremes Making heavy elements CHEMISTRY Producing organic molecules BIOLOGY Building blocks of life MATHEM- ATICS Application of sophisticated formalisms INSPIRATION Career in science and technology ANTHRO- POLOGY Ancient civilizations Our roots HISTORY Evolution of Universe Our roots PERSPECTIVE IMMENSITY OF UNIVERSE Tolerance and global citizenship TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CULTURE AND SOCIETY

17. ASTRONOMY OPTICS High-precision adaptive optics COMPUTERS Fastest hardware Complex software ELECTRONICS Most sensitive detectors Fastest clocks SPACE Satellites Miniaturization Precision PHYSICS Laboratory of extremes Making heavy elements CHEMISTRY Producing organic molecules BIOLOGY Building blocks of life MATHEM- ATICS Abstract thought INSPIRATION Career in science and technology ANTHRO- POLOGY Ancient civilizations Our roots HISTORY Evolution of Universe Our roots PERSPECTIVE IMMENSITY OF UNIVERSE Tolerance and global citizenship TECHNOLOGY AND SKILLS SCIENCE AND RESEARCH CULTURE AND SOCIETY

18. PRE-IYA IAU CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES Commission 46 ( President: Rosa Ros) PROGRAM GROUP PURPOSEACTIVITYLEAD World Wide Development of Astronomy (WWDA) Initial contact with developing country Visits and scientific lectures John Hearnshaw Teaching for Astronomy Development (TAD) Astronomy education at university level Visits and national schools for undergraduates Ed Guinan + Larry Marschall International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA) Stimulate young researchers in developing countries Regional schools for graduate students Jean-Pierre De Greve

19. IAU COMMISSION 46 PROGRAM GROUP TEACHING FOR ASTRONOMY DEVELOPMENT (TAD) Present Co-Chairs Ed Guinan and Larry Marschall Assist in development of astronomical education –Visits, development of courses, sponsoring of national schools –Oriented towards university education RECENT COUNTRIES TARGETED BY TAD TAD SCHOOL MONGOLIA 2008

20. IAU CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES (PRE-IYA) Commission 46 ( President: Rosa Ros) PROGRAM GROUP PURPOSEACTIVITYLEAD World Wide Development of Astronomy (WWDA) Initial contact with developing country Visits and scientific lectures John Hearnshaw Teaching for Astronomy Development (TAD) Astronomy education at university level Visits and national schools for undergraduates Ed Guinan + Larry Marschall International Schools for Young Astronomers (ISYA) Stimulate young researchers in developing countries Regional schools for graduate students Jean-Pierre De Greve

21. NEW IAU CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES (Pre-University Education) PROGRAM GROUP PURPOSEACTIVITYLEAD Network for Astronomy School Education (NASE) Teacher training. Complementary to GTTP Regional schools, particularly in developing countries. Develop and translate material. Rosa Ros Galileo Teachers Training Program (GTTP) Teacher training. Complementary to NASE High-tech tools and resources. Rosa Doran Universe Awareness (UNAWE) Use astronomy to inspire very young children: Give perspective, broaden minds, introduce rational thought Expose children aged 4 – 10 to inspirational aspects of astronomy. Concentrates on under-privileged children Carolina Ödman

22. NEW IAU CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES (Pre-University Education) PROGRAM GROUP PURPOSEACTIVITYLEAD Galileo Teachers Training Program (GTTP) Teacher training. Complementary to NASE High-tech tools and resources. Rosa Doran Network for Astronomy School Education (NASE) Teacher training. Complementary to GTTP Regional schools, particularly in developing countries. Develop and translate material. Rosa Ros Universe Awareness (UNAWE) Use astronomy to inspire very young children: Give perspective, broaden minds, introduce rational thought Expose children aged 4 – 10 to inspirational aspects of astronomy. Concentrates on under-privileged children Carolina Ödman

23. NEW IAU CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES (Pre-University Education) PROGRAM GROUP PURPOSEACTIVITYLEAD Galileo Teachers Training Program (GTTP) Teacher training. Complementary to NASE High-tech tools and resources. Rosa Doran Network for Astronomy School Education (NASE) Teacher training. Complementary to GTTP Regional schools, particularly in developing countries. Develop and translate material. Rosa Ros Universe Awareness (UNAWE) Use astronomy to inspire very young children: Give perspective, broaden minds, introduce rational thought Expose children aged 4 – 10 to inspirational aspects of astronomy. Concentrates on under-privileged children Carolina Ödman

24. ASTRONOMY EDUCATION PROGRAM WITH SOCIAL GOALS UNIVERSE AWARENESS “UN-AWE” Programme that Exposes DISADVANTAGED young children (4 – 10) to INSPIRATIONAL aspects of astronomy * Bottom-up network * ~ 500 dedicated multidisciplinary experts * in ~ 40 countries

25. UNAWE - MOTIVATION Beauty and size of the Universe excite young children – Gateway to science and rational thought Ages 4 - 10 are crucial for child development Most need for economically disadvantaged children Combat fanaticism

26. UNAWE - MOTIVATION Ages 4 - 10 are crucial for child development Beauty and size of the Universe excite young children – Gives perspective – stimulates tolerance and sense of world citezenship – Gateway to science and rational thought Most need for economically disadvantaged children Combat fanaticism "Fanatic ethnic, religious or national identifications are difficult to support when we see our planet as a fragile, blue crescent fading to become an inconspicuous point of light against the bastion and citadel of the stars. “ CARL SAGAN

27. UNAWE - ADDITIONAL MOTIVATION Beauty and size of the Universe excite young children Ages 4 - 10 are crucial for child development Most need for economically disadvantaged children Combat fanaticism "Fanatic ethnic, religious or national identifications are difficult to support when we see our planet as a fragile, blue crescent fading to become an inconspicuous point of light against the bastion and citadel of the stars. “ CARL SAGAN

28. EARTH FROM SATURN (CASSINI)

29. UNAWE – SOME ACHIEVEMENTS AFTER 4 YEARS Bottom-up network of ~ 500 dedicated multidisciplinary experts in ~ 40 countries Large collection of material on web Considerable attention in media, including article in Physics Today Global cornerstone of IYA 2009 and official IAU program 4 international workshops National and international sources of funding Endorsements by several prominent people and organisations, including several Nobel Prizewinners

30. MOTIVATION FOR IAU DECADAL PLAN Fostering astronomy in developing countries is important part of IAU mission Continue momentum of IYA and relevant cornerstone programs –“Building from IYA 2009” –e.g. Developing astronomy globally Plan for Astronomy Education and Outreach in Africa Rationalise and coordinate diverse existing Commission 46 activities –Much achieved already with volunteers and relatively meager resources 10,000 members + postdocs + PhD students etc. –Cannot be expanded further purely on voluntary basis Exploit new opportunities in development and education Prerequisite to external fund-raising

31. IAU STRATEGIC PLAN Long-term vision –All countries participate at some level in astronomical research –All children exposed to some knowledge about astronomy as part of their education Goals for 2010 – 2020 –Raise the level of astronomy in as many countries as possible by one or more category, while maximising the size of the population affected. –Work to include aspects of astronomy in primary and secondary education of as many children as possible

32. ELEMENTS OF PLAN - 1 Integrated STRATEGIC PHASED approach (e.g. IYA Cornerstone “Developing astronomy globally) –Education (primary, secondary, tertiary ), Research, Public outreach

33. ELEMENTS OF ASTRONOMY FOR DEVELOPMENT ASTRONOMY Primary Education Secondary Education Tertiary Education Research Science Public Outreach Excites Stimulates imagination Introduces science Gives perspective Inspires Gateway to sciences Stimulates career in science and engineering Analytic skills Work in international teams Preparation for careers in technology & management Inexpensive entry to visible world-class research and cutting-edge technology Most approachable science Wide interest

34. STAGES OF ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT Developed Group 1A 4 IAU Members per million Developed Group 1B 0.5 - 4 IAU members per million Participate in or host front-line facilities Emerging Group 2 0.5 - 4 IAU members per million Do not yet participate in or host front-line facilities Developing Group 3 Not yet national member of IAU, but > 1 individual IAU members Potential developing Group 4 No astronomers as yet, but well-developed tertiary education Underdeveloped Group 5 No astronomers. Tertiary education not yet well-developed

35. STAGES OF ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT Developed Group 1A 4 IAU Members per million Developed Group 1B 0.5 - 4 IAU members per million Participate in or host front-line facilities Emerging Group 2 0.5 - 4 IAU members per million Do not yet participate in or host front-line facilities Developing Group 3 Not yet national member of IAU, but > 1 individual IAU members Potential developing Group 4 No astronomers as yet, but well-developed tertiary education Underdeveloped Group 5 No astronomers. Tertiary education not yet well-developed TARGET FOR STIMULATING RESEARCH GROWTH TARGET FOR INITIATING RESEARCH GROUPS TARGET FOR STIMULATING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

36. ELEMENTS OF PLAN - 2 Integrated STRATEGIC PHASED approach –Education (primary, secondary, tertiary ), Research, Public outreach New Comm. 46 Program Group for primary and secondary education Coordination with complementary programs and amateur astronomer groups Increase regional involvement – Regional nodes –Better appreciation of special conditions and closer to the targets –Bottom-up approach

37. ASTRONOMY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT Considerable differences between regions Sub-Saharan Africa is least developed No. of countries

38. GENERAL WORLD EDUCATION STATE Considerable differences between regions Sub-Saharan Africa has most need for education Literacy etc

39. ELEMENTS OF PLAN - 3 Integrated STRATEGIC PHASED approach –Education (primary, secondary, tertiary ), Research, Public outreach New Comm. 46 Program Group for primary and secondary education Coordination with complementary programs and amateur astronomer groups Increase regional involvement – Regional nodes –Better appreciation of special conditions and closer to the targets –Bottom-up approach –Special attention to Sub-Saharan Africa Enlarge number of active volunteers –Potential people resources ~ 10,000 IAU members (established professional astronomers) Postdocs and graduate students Astronomy teachers, educational experts, outreach specialists Amateur astronomers Mobilize expatriates

40. ELEMENTS OF PLAN - 4 Integrated STRATEGIC phased approach –Education (primary, secondary, tertiary ), Research, Public outreach Increase regional involvement –Special attention to Sub-Saharan Africa Enlarge number of active volunteers Initiation of new programs –Endowed semi-popular lectureship program Also astronomy-related technology –Long-term (sustainable) institute twinning Use IYA as springboard –Continue and stimulate relevant cornerstone projects e.g. Developing science globally, Teacher training, UNAWE, Galileoscopes –Build on IYA networks (SPOCS etc) Exploit new possibilties –Internet –Archives of large astronomical facilities

41. USEFUL EDUCATIONAL TOOLS – 1 ASTRO-BUS Innovative activity of La Cité des Sciences, Tunis. Transports small telescope + mini-planetarium + exhibition. Inspiring children throughout Tunisia, even in remotest villages. During 2008 > reached 150,000 children! Idea could be exported to many countries

42. USEFUL EDUCATIONAL TOOLS – 2

43. USEFUL EDUCATIONAL TOOLS – 3 ROBOTIC TELESCOPE NETWORKS Faulkes Telescope Project – Las Cumbres Observatory For use by schools

44. Small telescopes and planetaria donated by Official Development Assistance (ODA) of JAPAN Astronomical Equipment (reflecting telescope and accessories) Planetarium USEFUL EDUCATIONAL TOOLS – 4 7 telescopes, 20 planetaria to 22 developing nations

45. ELEMENTS OF STRATEGIC PLAN - 5 Integrated STRATEGIC phased approach –Education (primary, secondary, tertiary ), Research, Public outreach Increase regional involvement –Special attention to Sub-Saharan Africa Enlarge number of active volunteers Initiation of new programs Use IYA as springboard –Continue and stimulate cornerstone projects Exploit new possibilities –Internet –Archives of large astronomical facilities –Astro-buses –Galileoscopes –Robotic telescope networks Creation of small professional IAU Global Development Office (2FTE) for coordination –Essential to facilitate expansion of activities, realise potential and demonstrate professional management for fund givers e.g. IYA, UNAWE

46. ASTRONOMY FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD SOME ELEMENTS OF DECADAL PLAN

47. IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN Flexibly –In step with available funding Establishment of GDO/OAD has priority –Fund-raising and coordination

48. PRESENT STATUS AO for Global Astronomy Office of Development –Letters of intent – 31 December 2009 Overwhelming response: ~ 40 submitted –Proposals - 28 February 2010 20 submitted –Selection by IAU Executive Committee (10 people) May 2010 Confidential independent ranking, telecon discussion 2010 face-to-face meeting Baltimore :11 – 13 May –Recruitment of Director –Iteration of strategy –Announcement of opportunity for regional nodes –Fund raising for activities

49. IAU BUDGET FOR EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES 2007 - 20092010 - 2012 10%17% € 144,000 annually

50. Culture INSPIRATION Technology Science Long-term vision Goals for 2010 – 2020 Strategy –Build on IYA momentum and cornerstones –Integrated strategic phased approach –Increase regional involvement (bottom-up) –Enlarge number of active volunteers –Initiate new types of activity –Advance UN Millennium Goals –Exploit new tools and opportunities –Create small “Office for Astronomy Development” Implementation roadmap Fundraising possibilities “Exploring the Universe for the benefit of humankind” IAU STRATEGIC PLAN “ASTRONOMY FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD” http://iau.org/static/education/strategicplan_091001.pdf

53. ANNUAL DIRECT COSTS Astronomy for universities and research Visits Training schools Institute twinning € 300,000 Astronomy for SchoolsTraining schools€ 100,000 Public outreachEndowed lectures€ 100,000 5 regional node institutes 5 x € 30,000€ 150,000 Regional coordinator support 5 x € 15,000€ 75,000 IAU Global development office Director Administrative assistant € 250,000

54. FUNDING ACTIVITIES ~ € 1M per year needed for IAU programs and coordination Larger amount (> € 10M) needed for complementary programs (primary, secondary education) –Ambitious but feasible goal for decade as whole Small voluntary levy on astronomical projects and institutes in developed countries (~0.7%?) (Voluntary?) “development levy on IAU membership dues In-kind contributions from host institutes International and national foundations Multinational companies operating in developing countries International and regional development agencies