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KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Coping with diversity Henrik Halkier Professor of Regional and Tourism Studies Aalborg University Denmark

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Presentation on theme: "KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Coping with diversity Henrik Halkier Professor of Regional and Tourism Studies Aalborg University Denmark"— Presentation transcript:

1 KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Coping with diversity Henrik Halkier Professor of Regional and Tourism Studies Aalborg University Denmark halkier@ihis.aau.dk http://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/

2 Henrik Halkier Aalborg University Denmark halkier@ihis.aau.dk KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Coping with diversity

3 Henrik Halkier Aalborg University Denmark halkier@ihis.aau.dk KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Coping with diversity

4 1. Issues: Knowledge and tourism (and EURODITE) 2. Conceptualising knowledge dynamics 3. Knowledge, public policy, and tourism diversity http://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/ KNOWLEDGE AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Coping with diversity

5 KNOWLEDGE, TOURISM (and EURODITE) Policy concerns  EU Lisbon strategy in practice: high-tech, big-science ?  cluster-mania in policy communities across Europe EURODITE 2005-2010  network researching regional knowledge dynamics  focus on seven selected sectors, including tourism  sectoral / territorial knowledge dynamics  firm-level case studies

6 CONCEPTUALISING KNOWLEDGE DYNAMICS  knowledge types: different truth criteria analytical, synthetic, symbolic  knowledge phases: purpose of activity exploration, examination, exploitation  knowledge sites: location explicit, complicit, implicit individual, collective  knowledge processes: drivers, strategies, institutions regulation, markets, networks, corporate objectives organisational, professional, markets, products/processes

7 FROM TOURISM TO TOURISMS Travel services commercial infrastructural On-site services accommodation catering transport On-site activities prescribed/voluntary non-/commercial Market intelligence Production /consumption Consumption monitoring Conception / design / marketing

8 FROM TOURISM TO TOURISMS

9 Drivers and organisation of tourism activities Purpose PleasureDuty Organi- sation Indiv- idual Tourist destinations Pilgrimage Accidental tourism Visiting relatives Corpo- rate Package tours Trekking, Cruises MICE (meetings, incentives, conferences, exhibitions) FROM TOURISM TO TOURISMS

10 INDIVIDUAL PLEASURE: DESTINATION TOURISM Travel services flights roads On-site services hotels/B&Bs rentals/campsites restaurants, shops car hire On-site activities voluntary, attractions cultural/natural Market intelligence Conception / design / marketing Production /consumption Consumption monitoring (Budget) airlines (Inter)national chains SMEs Promotional bodies Public/private providers Promotional bodies Targeted tourists

11 AnalyticalSyntheticSymbolic Exploration(Market research) ExaminationMarket research ExploitationProduct development Promotion development INDIVIDUAL PLEASURE: DESTINATION TOURISM

12 Drivers / responses Organi- sational Profes-sionalMarketProduct/ process RegulationNetworkingPromotion Certification Market structure Networking(Research)Networked promotion (Research) Networked innovation (Research) NetworksBrand-based presence Convenient travel Corporate objectives Brand-based presence Cheap travel Destination SMEs Hotel chains Airlines INDIVIDUAL PLEASURE: DESTINATION TOURISM

13 ORGANISED PLEASURE: PACKAGE TOURISM Travel services flights roads Market intelligence Conception / design / marketing Production /consumption Consumption monitoring TOUR OPERATORS Subcontractors in transport/accommodation Tour operators Public/private providers Promotional bodies Targeted tourists On-site activities voluntary, excursions 4 Ss (sun, sex,...) attractions On-site services hotels restaurants, shops car hire

14 AnalyticalSyntheticSymbolic Exploration(Market research) ExaminationMarket research ExploitationProduct development Promotion development ORGANISED PLEASURE: PACKAGE TOURISM

15 Drivers / responses Organi-sationalProfessionalMarketProduct/ process Regulation Market structure Graduate recruitment Promotion Research Innovation Research Networks Corporate objectives International mergers ORGANISED PLEASURE: PACKAGE TOURISM

16 KNOWLEDGE SITES IN TOURISM IndividualCollective Explicit TrainingGuidelines Implicit Practice Complicit Formal/informal networks Package holidays Hotel chains Airlines Destination SMEs

17 KNOWLEDGE DYNAMICS ISSUES IN TOURISM Intersection of tourisms  expectation of different knowledge dynamics  degree of coexistence within localities/regions/nations  some actors involved in different tourisms  a challenge for schizophrenic public policies ... and for EURODITE case studies diverse dynamics and their interaction

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