1. Distribution of Earth’s Water
The Oceans
Water covers about 75% of the Earth’s surface
97% is salt water
3% is fresh water
only 1% of fresh water can be used
There are 4 major bodies of water:
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean

2. Ice - 76% of fresh water Most of Earth’s fresh water is locked in thick sheets of ice near the North and South Poles Icebergs – huge chunks of floating ice made of fresh water.
Rivers and Lakes
.34% of fresh water
Very little fresh water but important to people who live near them.
Groundwater
- 23% of fresh water (shallow and deep combined)
- Water fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers.

3. Surface Water River Systems Pond
a. Tributary – streams and smaller rivers that feed into a main river
b. Watershed – land area that supplies water to a river system.
c. Divide – separates one watershed from another by a ridge of land
Pond
a. Body of fresh, standing water
b. Smaller than lakes – sunlight reaches the bottom
c. Formed when water collects in hollows or low-lying areas of land
d. Home too many animals including frogs, crayfish, sunfish, water lilies, algae, etc.

4. Lakes - Body of fresh water that no sunlight reaches the bottom - Deep and big - Formed two ways Same as a pond Powerful forces that shape Earth’s surface such as ice depressions, crust movement or volcanoes
Wetlands – a land area that is covered with water during part or all of the year.
3 types
Marshes – grass covered by shallow water
Swamps – flooded forests with trees – usually in warm, humid climates
Bogs – depression from ice sheets – usually in cold climates

5. Water Underground Movement Zones
Permeable – water runs through the ground
Gravel
Impermeable – water cannot pass through easily
Clay
Granite
Zones
Saturated – soil is totally filled with water
Unsaturated – soil can still accept water

6. Ground water
Springs – ground water bubbles or flows out of cracks in rock to Earth’s surface
Aquifer – underground rock or sediment that holds water
Well – channel dug into an aquifer to provide a supply of water
Geyser – hot spring from which water periodically erupts out

7. Using Freshwater Resources
How People Use Fresh Water
Household purposes
Industry
Transportation
Agriculture
Irrigation – supplying water to areas of land to make them suitable for growing crops
Recreation

8. Conserving Water Reduce Recycle Reuse
Pollution – addition of any substance that has a negative effect on water or the living things that depend on the water