1. KEY CONCEPT As the human population grows, the demand for Earth’s resources increases.

2. Objectives
Summarize the current state and effects of human population growth
Explain the importance of effective resource management

3. Earth’s human population continues to grow.
Earth’s human carrying capacity is unknown.

4. Technology has helped to increase Earth’s carrying capacity.
gas-powered farm equipment
medical advancements

5. The growing human population exerts pressure on Earth’s natural resources.
Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they form.
coal
oil

6. Renewable resources cannot be used up or can replenish themselves over time.
wind
water
sunlight
Growing use of nonrenewable resources may lead to a crisis.
Resources must be properly managed.

7. An ecological footprint is the amount of land needed to support a person.
The land must produce and maintain enough
food and water
shelter
energy
waste

8. Several factors affect the size of the ecological footprint.
amount and efficiency of resource use
amount and toxicity of waste produced

9. Give 3 examples of how technology has influenced human population growth
Advances in medicine have reduced infant mortality and prolonged life spans
Industrial technologies have made transportation and agriculture more productive and easier, allowing for easier food production and distribution
Plumbing and sewage treatment have improved sanitation, reducing incidence of water born illness

10. What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources
Are difficult to replenish in a time span meaningful to humans
Can be replenished by Earths natural processes

11. What factors can limit the growth of the human population?
Disease
Drought
Overexploitation of limited resources
Crop pests
War

12. Air Quality
KEY CONCEPT Fossil fuel emissions affect the biosphere.

13. Air Quality
Objective
Describe the sources, types, and effects of pollution
Explain how air pollution contributes to acid rain

14. Pollutants accumulate in the air.
Air Quality
Pollutants accumulate in the air.
Pollution is any undesirable factor added to the air, water, or soil.
Smog is one type of air pollution.
sunlight interacts with pollutants in the air
pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions
made of particulates and ground-level ozone

15. Air Quality
Smog can be harmful to human health.
Acid rain is caused by fossil fuel emissions.
produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to drop
can lower the pH of a lake or stream
can harm trees

16. Air pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere.
Air Quality
Air pollution is changing Earth’s biosphere.
The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and fall over time.
High levels of carbon dioxide are typical of Earth’s warmer periods.

17. sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere
Air Quality
The greenhouse effect slows the release of energy from Earth’s atmosphere.
sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere
energy is absorbed and reradiated as heat
greenhouse gases absorb longer wavelengths
Greenhouse gas molecules rerelease infrared radiation
methane (CH4)
water (H2O)
carbon dioxide (CO2)

18. Global warming refers to the trend of increasing global temperatures.
Air Quality
Global warming refers to the trend of increasing global temperatures.
North Pole

19. Name and describe 2 ways in which pollution affects ecosystems
Air Quality
Name and describe 2 ways in which pollution affects ecosystems
Pollution can result in smog and acid rain
Smog is caused by the interaction of sunlight with pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions
Acid rain results from the mixture of these emissions with water

20. How does the greenhouse effect keep Earth warm?
Air Quality
How does the greenhouse effect keep Earth warm?
Infrared energy Radiating from Earths surface is absorbed by greenhouse molecules such as water, carbon dioxide, and methane.
This energy, also called heat, is then released and absorbed by other molecules of Earths surface or the atmosphere.

21. Air Quality
Explain how a build-up of CO2 in the atmosphere could increase Earths global temperature.
With more greenhouse molecules in the atmosphere, less heat would be allowed to escape, causing Earth to become warmer.

22. Air Quality
Greenhouse gasses are found close to earths surface and high above in the atmosphere. Name 2 important functions of greenhouse gasses at Earths surface.
At Earths surface water vapor condenses to form precipitation which is part of the hydrologic cycle
Carbon dioxide is a necessary reactant for photosynthesis

23. Air Quality
Ocean producers such as phytoplankton are an important part of food webs, but they require a specific temperature range to survive. How might increased water temperature affect these ocean food webs?
If increased water temperatures kill the phytoplankton, the lowest trophic levels will be gone and the food webs will probably collapse

24. Water Quality
KEY CONCEPT Pollution of Earth’s freshwater supply threatens habitat and health.

25. Water Quality
Objectives
Describe how water pollution affects ecosystems
Explain how biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in food chains

26. Biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in the food chain.
Water Quality
Biomagnification causes accumulation of toxins in the food chain.
Pollutants can move up the food chain.
predators eat contaminated prey
pollution accumulates at each stage of the food chain
Top consumers, including humans, are most affected.

27. How do PCBs affect bird populations through biomagnification?
Water Quality
How do PCBs affect bird populations through biomagnification?
PCBs travel up through trophic structure of an ecosystem and accumulate in large amounts in the eggs of large birds.
PCBs can negatively impact growth and development within the egg, causing
Genetic mutations
Deformities
Death
The population of birds may crash as a result

28. Water Quality
Would a buffalo or a mountain lion be more affected by biomagnification? Why?
A mountain lion would be more affected because it is higher on the food chain and would ingest more contaminants from its food supply

29. How does the biomagnification pyramid compare with the energy pyramid?
Water Quality
How does the biomagnification pyramid compare with the energy pyramid?
They are opposite
Energy decreases as you move up the food chain, but pollution increases

30. 16.4 Threats to biodiversity
KEY CONCEPT The impact of a growing human population threatens biodiversity.

31. 16.4 Threats to biodiversity
Objectives
Assess the consequences of loss of biodiversity
Explain how loss of habitat and introduced species affect ecosystems and biodiversity

32. Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the biosphere.
Threats to biodiversity
Preserving biodiversity is important to the future of the biosphere.
The loss of biodiversity has long-term effects.
loss of medical and technological advances
extinction of species
loss of ecosystem stability

33. Loss of habitat eliminates species.
Threats to biodiversity
Loss of habitat eliminates species.
Habitat fragmentation prevents an organism from accessing its entire home range.
occurs when a barrier forms within the habitat
often caused by human development

34. Habitat corridors are a solution to the problem.
corridors can be road overpasses or underpasses
allow species to move between different areas of habitat

35. Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem.
Threats to biodiversity
Introduced species can disrupt stable relationships in an ecosystem.
An introduced species is one that is brought to an ecosystem by humans.
accidental
purposeful
Invasive species can have an environmental and economic impact.

36. Invasive species often push out native species.
Threats to biodiversity
Invasive species often push out native species.
kudzu (southeastern United States)
Burmese python (Florida Everglades) & mice (Australia)

37. List reasons that biodiversity is important to humans
Threats to biodiversity
List reasons that biodiversity is important to humans
A loss of diversity could mean a loss of food, medicine, and economic activity

38. How does habitat fragmentation affect migrating bird populations?
Threats to biodiversity
How does habitat fragmentation affect migrating bird populations?
Birds need large areas of land or water on which to rest and feed during long migrations.
If these habitats aren’t available they may not be able to complete a migration

39. What types of damage can introduced species cause?
Threats to biodiversity
What types of damage can introduced species cause?
Introduced species can disrupt ecosystems, threaten human health, and physically dominate or overtake waterways and human-made structures

40. How could continued fragmentation reduce biodiversity?
Threats to biodiversity
How could continued fragmentation reduce biodiversity?
If species are cut off from habitats they need for survival or reproduction, they could become extinct, thereby reducing biodiversity

41. Due Wednesday: In your Study guide Workbook
Chapters 13 & 14
Chapters 15 & 16
Pages
Numbers
133
1-5
134 10
135
All
1-6
147
148
7-10
150
6-13
151
1-4
152
6-9
1 & 4
Pages
Numbers
All
157
1-4
158
161
5-6
162
all