1. How Did the Ideas of the Italian Renaissance Spread Throughout Europe?
Chapter 2
How Did the Ideas of the Italian Renaissance Spread Throughout Europe?

2. How Did the Renaissance Ideas begin to Spread?
Renaissance ideas eventually spread west and north to all areas of Western Europe
Scholars and artist travelled to the Italian city-states for knowledge and brought it to their homelands
Ideas changed and adapted to fit each society
P.49
Canada’s Renaissance type ideas

3. Where and How did the Renaissance Spread
Where and How did the Renaissance Spread? Why Were Ideas So Slow to Spread?
Effects of the Renaissance across Western Europe came later but were just as significant
Feudalism
Harder to break in lands beyond Italy
Owners of fiefdoms (feudal land) were strongly opposed to the Renaissance
War
Many Northern European states at war which prevented the spread of new ideas (Germany, Netherlands, England)
Religion
The Catholic Church had a stronger hold and kept the status quo (the present way of doing things)

4. What Allowed Renaissance Ideas to Spread More Quickly?
When the Hundred Years War ended, travel became safer
Urbanisation
France and Germany waged war on the Italian city- states
Exposed European monarchs and nobility to Renaissance Ideas
Ideas were borrowed from Italy
Italians were hired
Peace = increase in trade

5. What Allowed Renaissance Ideas to Spread More Quickly?
Increase in trade = increase in business and banking
Wealth used to support artists
Growth of humanism
A system of thought that centers on humans and their values; potential, and worth; concerned with the welfare of humans.

6. The most influential invention of all time.
The Printing Press
Invented by Johann Gutenberg in the mid-1400’S
First European book printed was the Gutenberg bible
Faster than copying a book by hand
More books = more readers and writers
By 1500, more than 200 printing presses
Church opposed printing of bibles for the common people = afraid they would no longer be needed

7. How Did Humanism Affect the Renaissance Worldview?
Classical writings suggested that life on Earth has value
Before most people focused on the afterlife
These writings lead people to believe that humans potential to do great things, no matter who they were
Even though they believed in faith and the afterlife, humanists thought life on Earth should be rich and full.

8. How Did Scholars and Philosophers Spread the Ideas of Humanism?
Scholars travelled from one university to another to study and teach new ideas
Humanism supported civic duty and the value of learning
Humanism in Europe as opposed to Italy was more focused on religious issues and learning Christian texts to become better citizens and Christians

9. Scholars Francanesco Petrarch (1304-2374)
Discovered and translated ancient classical Greek and Roman texts as well as promoting
their study
Believed that truly educated people
read books, travelled and surrounded
themselves with art
Believed in God and the value of
life on Earth

10. Scholars Erasmus (1466-1536) Believed people should be taught to
argue and apply their knowledge
Said bible should be translated for
all to read
Believed the role of the Church was
to teach and support the faith

11. Scholars Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)
Created the essay writing form
Believed in tolerance and common
sense
Believed that friendship, love, and
courage should form the basis of
human actions

12. How Did Artists Help Spread the Ideas of the Renaissance?
Art began to reflect the new thinking of humanism
Began portraying the world as it really looked
After the 15th century, art focused less on religious themes
Recording the likeness of people became important
Artist travelled more and developed better techniques
Became respected and got paid
Became important contributors to society

13. Artists Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)
Painter, poet, architect, sculptor
Painted the Sistine Chapel
Created realistic representations

14. Artists Leonardo da Vinci (1503-1506)
May be the best-known painter and figure of the Renaissance, genius, inventor
Mona Lisa considered the most famous painting
Introduced the sfumato technique (blurring of lines)

15. Artists
Donatello ( )
Developed a technique for casting bronze statues
- Donatello’s David (created about 1440)

16. How Did Ideas Spread Among Scientists and Mathematicians?
Movement of science slow during the Middle Ages
Religion
Europe still very superstitious
All money went to arts
Universities paid little attention to science
Renaissance = scientists looking at the world using reasoning and observation
Accumulation of knowledge during the Renaissance lead to the age of scientific discovery

17. Scientists and Mathematicians
Nicolaus Copernicus ( )
Mathematician and astronomer
Came up with the theory that the Earth revolved around the sun rather than everything revolving around the earth
Proved that the Earth rotated on its axis once a day
Believed to be a heretic (having an opinion against the beliefs of a religion)

18. Scientists and Mathematicians
Leonardo da Vinci
Dissected cadavers to makes drawings on anatomy
Made plans for parachutes, tanks and submarines
François Viète ( )
Wrote books on trigonometry and geometry
Provided solution to doubling a cube and trisecting an angle

19. Inventions During the Renaissance, the mechanical clock was invented
Before the early 1500’s time was measured by
Sundials
Hourglasses
Time could now be accurately measured

20. How Did Writers Influence the Renaissance Worldview?
Writers began to compose their works in their own languages
Vocabularies, spellings, grammar became more standardized
This increased a common sense of identity among their speakers, readers and writers.

21. Writers Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) Sir Thomas Moore (1478-1535)
Canterbury Tales (explained social and political circumstances of the time)
Sir Thomas Moore ( )
Wrote Utopia (describes a world that has no problems)
Executed for his refusal to denounce the catholic church
François Rabelais ( )
Wrote Pantagruel, a series of books which made fun of aspects of society that he felt needed to be changed
Great example of humanism – questioning all aspects of society

22. Writers Pléiade (mid-1500’s) William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Began writing in French rather than Latin
William Shakespeare ( )
Poet, playwright
His works studied worldwide for their inventive use of language and their insights into human nature
P.75 #1, 3 read section on Leonardo da Vinci

23. How Did the Ideas of the Renaissance Change Social and Economic Systems?
Urbanization and the fall of the feudal system created a new middle class
As a result, more people had to learn to read, write and do arithmetic
Quality of Life improved
The sense of safety, comfort, security, health and happiness that a person has
Urbanization lead to the growth of a capitalist society
An economic system that depends on private investment and making profit

24. How Did the Ideas of the Renaissance Change Social and Economic Systems?
Trade was previously for the acquiring of basic necessities and done by bartering, but increased trade goods led to increased use of money
People became wealthier and money could therefore be used for pleasurable things such as art, music etc.
Society started becoming more secular and people began to focus more on this life on earth
Having to do with physical things; the opposite of spiritual

25. The Renaissance Family
Was an extended family with father, mother, children, grandparents all living in one household.
Father ruled the household, made all important decisions
Mothers maintained the household
Good relations very important
Children viewed as mini-adults
Married young, worked young

26. Women in the Renaissance
Although humanist believed all should be educated, it was mostly reserved for elite men.
Women had very little independence
A few women were writers and artists but they were considered exceptional

27. Education
Before the Renaissance, education was generally provided by the Roman Catholic Church
Focused on grammar, rhetoric (art of persuasive thinking) and logic (science of reasoning and proving arguments)
The Renaissance brought education based on the value of human life and students were taught to be good citizens
Began asking questions and seeking answers rather than accepting what they were told by authorities.

28. Review
Conclusion p.86
P.87 #5, 6, 7
These are the following terms and concepts you should know from the first two chapters… HINT HINT!!!!!
- What is Worldview?
- Value
Belief
Elements affected by Worldview
Factors affecting Worldview
The Silk Road
The Middle Ages
How the Renaissance began
(crusades, 100 years war, magna carta etc)
Feudal system
City-state/ urbanization
Trade
Florence/Genoa/Venice
How the Renaissance spread
Why was it slow to spread
Status quo
Humanism
Printing press
Scholars
Scientists/mathematicians
Writers
Quality of life
Capitalist society
Secular
Family and women
education