1. 1 How does an aircraft fly?

2. 2 First of all – An aircraft needs one or more engines to move forward

3. 3 Secondly – An aircraft needs a set of wings so that it can raise up in the sky

4. 4 The aircraft engine Two types of aircraft engines: Propeller engineJet engine

5. 5 The aircraft propeller engine Fuel is used so that the engine rotates a propeller (Prop) The Propeller gets air and pushes it rearwards Since the engine is fitted to the aircraft body, by doing this the propeller causes the aircraft to move forward The forward force created by the engine is called ‘THRUST’

6. 6 The aircraft jet engine Fuel is used so that the engine is rotated. Air is attracted inside the engine by fans rotating inside the engine. The air gets compressed when passing through the engine Compressed air is mixed with fuel and burned The burned air exits with high force from the rear of the engine. This pushes the engine forward, producing the thrust to move the aircraft forward.

7. 7 The aircraft wings When the aircraft moves forward, air passes around the wings Air passing over the wing has less pressure Air passing under the wing has more pressure The wing is pushed up creating ‘LIFT’

8. 8 The aircraft wings The wing profile causes the difference in pressure over and under the wing Wing profile is called ‘AEROFOIL’

9. 9 Stabilizers are used so that the aircraft flies straight Horizontal Stabilizer Vertical Stabilizer Horizontal Stabilizer Vertical Stabilizer

10. 10 How does an aircraft climb, dive and turn?

11. 11 Ailerons are used so that the aircraft ‘rolls’ left and right

12. 12 Elevators are used so that the aircraft climbs up or dives down This movement is called ‘Pitching’

13. 13 The Rudder is used so that the aircraft turns left or right This movement is called ‘Yawing’

14. 14 Ailerons, Elevators and the Rudder are called ‘FLIGHT CONTROLS’ They are moved by the pilot from the cockpit

15. 15 The ‘Control Column’ moves the elevators Moving the column backwards causes the aircraft to ‘pitch up’ Moving the column forward causes the aircraft to ‘pitch down’ Turning the column ‘Steering Wheel’ moves the ailerons Turning the Steering Wheel causes the aircraft to ‘Roll’ Left or Right

16. 16 Instead of a control column, in modern aircraft ailerons and elevators are computer controlled using a ‘Side-stick’ in the cockpit Less modern aircraft use a ‘control column’ in the cockpit More modern aircraft use a ‘side-stick’ in the cockpit

17. 17 The rudder is moved using ‘Rudder pedals’ The pilot moves the rudder pedals by using feet One pedal is pushed to cause ‘Yaw’ to one side. Other rudder pedal is pushed to cause ‘Yaw’ to the other side. When one pedal is pushed the other pedal moves out

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