1. The Renaissance & Reformation 1300- 1650

3. Filippo Brunelleschi Commissioned to build the cathedral dome. Commissioned to build the cathedral dome. –Used unique architectural concepts.  He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome.  Used ribs for support.

4. Filippo Brunelleschi 1377 - 1436 Architect Cuppolo of St. Maria del Fiore

5. Ghiberti – Gates of Paradise Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - 1452

6. Comparing Domes

7. Other Famous Domes Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington) Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

12. I. Why in Italy at this Time? New interest in ancient Rome society New interest in ancient Rome society Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy Cities survived middle ages Cities survived middle ages Wealthy and powerful merchant class- Wealthy and powerful merchant class-

13. Florence Merchant class promoted cultural rebirth- stressed education and Individual achievement Merchant class promoted cultural rebirth- stressed education and Individual achievement Medici family-Florence Medici family-Florence Patron= financial supporter of arts Patron= financial supporter of arts

14. Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel Medici Chapel The Medici Palace

15. Renaissance = “Rebirth” Change in way people viewed themselves and world Change in way people viewed themselves and world Medieval scholars- focus on life after death Medieval scholars- focus on life after death Renaissance- focus “Individual Achievement Renaissance- focus “Individual Achievement Humanism- intellectual movement applied wisdom of ancients to renaissance world Humanism- intellectual movement applied wisdom of ancients to renaissance world A man with talent in many fields ? Who A man with talent in many fields ? Who

16. The Renaissance “Man” Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Deep knowledge/skill in one area. Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education. The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

17. 1. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512 1452 - 1519 Artist Sculptor Architect Scientist Engineer Inventor

18. Vitruvian Man Leonardo da Vinci 1492 The L’uomo universale

19. Leonardo, the Artist: From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)

20. Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4

21. A Macaroni Mona Parody  The Best Form of Flattery?

22. A Picasso Mona

23. An Andy Warhol Mona

24. A “Mona”ca Lewinsky

25. Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??

26. Perspective- technique in painting makes distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer Perspective- technique in painting makes distant objects smaller than those close to the viewer

27. horizontal vertical Perspective! The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

28. A Da Vinci “Code”: St. John or Mary Magdalene?

29. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology): Pages from his Notebook An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

30. Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook

31. Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook

32. A study of siege defenses. Studies of water-lifting devices. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook

33. Michelangelo Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Conflict with Pope Julius II Conflict with Pope Julius II Incredible energy and endurance Incredible energy and endurance “Mannerism” “Mannerism”

34. David Michelangelo Buonarotti 1504 Marble

35. The Pieta Michelangelo Buonarroti 1499 marble The Popes as Patrons of the Arts

36. The Sistine Chapel Michelangelo Buonarroti 1508 - 1512

37. The Sistine Chapel Details Creation of Man

38. The Sistine Chapel Details The Fall from Grace

39. The Sistine Chapel Details The Last Judgment

40. Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael, 1514-1515 Castiglione author wrote a guide for members of the court Ideal man- athletic but not overactive, good at games, but not a gambler,

41. Renaissance Art and Architecture Renaissance Art and Architecture Raphael (1483-1520) Raphael (1483-1520) Man of great sensitivity and kindness Man of great sensitivity and kindness Died at the age of 37 Died at the age of 37 “The School of Athens” “The School of Athens” Famous for frescoes in the Vatican Palace Famous for frescoes in the Vatican Palace

42. Perspective!Perspective! Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael1504

43. Raphael’s Madonnas (1) Sistine Madonna Cowpepper Madonna

44. Albrecht Durer German Leonardo German Leonardo Wide ranging interests Wide ranging interests Northern Europe Renaissance slowed by lack of economic growth Northern Europe Renaissance slowed by lack of economic growth

45. Dürer Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse woodcut, 1498

46. Dürer The Last Supper woodcut, 1510

47. Pieter Bruegel the (1525-1569) One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his age. One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his age. Painted scenes of daily life Painted scenes of daily life Was deeply concerned with human vice and follies. Was deeply concerned with human vice and follies. A master of landscapes; not a portraitist. A master of landscapes; not a portraitist. –People in his works often have round, blank, heavy faces. –They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes malicious. –They are types, rather than individuals. –Their purpose is to convey a message.

48. Bruegel’s, Tower of Babel, 1563

49. Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568

50. Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading the Blind, 1568

51. Renaissance Society Renaissance Society Number of portraits painted during this era illustrates focus on the individual achievement Number of portraits painted during this era illustrates focus on the individual achievement Focus on man’s free will Focus on man’s free will Women artists work secret Women artists work secret

52. V. Renaissance Politics Niccolo Machiavelli (1469- 1527) Niccolo Machiavelli (1469- 1527) -- “The Prince” The goal of the prince must be power The goal of the prince must be power Cynical view of human nature Cynical view of human nature Fear is a better motivator than affection Fear is a better motivator than affection Politics as the art of deception Politics as the art of deception

54. Quintin Massey, Old Woman, 1513

55. VI. Renaissance Art and Architecture Greek & Roman architecture was revived in Renaissance building projects Greek & Roman architecture was revived in Renaissance building projects

56. Printing Press The significance of Gutenberg’s printing press- new middle class, new audience for literature in vernacular The significance of Gutenberg’s printing press- new middle class, new audience for literature in vernacular Explosion of printed materials Explosion of printed materials The impact of movable- type printing presses: research and literacy The impact of movable- type printing presses: research and literacy

57. Social Reform Thomas More Thomas More --Utopia- called for social reforms --Executed by Henry VIII in 1535

58. Miguel de Cervantes Spanish Renaissance Spanish Renaissance Don Quixote- mocks medieval chivalry Don Quixote- mocks medieval chivalry

59. Most far-reaching influence William Shakespeare (1564-1616) William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Enriched English language* Enriched English language* Macbeth: ambition Macbeth: ambition Hamlet: individualism Hamlet: individualism Keen sensitivity to sounds and meanings of words Keen sensitivity to sounds and meanings of words