1. U.S. Foreign Policy

2. What is “ foreign policy ” Goals that nations pursue in relation to other international actors –Goals Survival Territorial Integrity Economic Security Promoting Democracy and Human Rights –Actors States (nations) IGO (Intergovernmental Organizations: UN NATO) NGO (Nongovernmental Organizations: MNCs, al- Qaeda)

3. President ’ s Foreign Policy Helpers Who are part of the foreign policy bureaucracy? –National Security Council –Intelligence Agencies CIA FBI Military agencies

4. President ’ s Foreign Policy Helpers –State Department Sec. of State: Hillary Clinton Goals –Promote peace –Promote democracy –Promote trade and development

5. President ’ s Foreign Policy Helpers Defense Department –Sec. of Defense: Robert Gates –Goals Protect the country from attack Provide trained or ready military forces

6. Military Commands

7. History of Foreign Policy Internationalism (Cold War to 1980) –WWII: US and USSR emerge as dominant powers (bipolar) Soviets expand in Europe, Asia, Africa –U.S. Policy of “ Containment ” –Truman Doctrine: U.S support free people Nuclear Missiles and 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis –Detente (1960s and 1970s): Easing of Tensions Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (to reduce nuclear weapons) Pres. Carter (1977-1981): human rights; but foreign policy failures Weakening U.S. nuclear missile capability

8. History of Foreign Policy Internationalism (1980-1991) –Ronald Reagan Built up nuclear arsenal Supported military groups overthrowing communist governments –Fall of Communism USSR: weakened, cannot protect communist governments –East European people revolt against communist governments USSR collapses in 1991: Mono-polar world: U.S. only major power

9. History of Foreign Policy Internationalism (1991-Date): Mono-polar world –Pres. Bush and Clinton U.S. promotes democracy in E. Europe and Russia Gulf War 1991 –Pres. G.W. Bush 9/11 and War on Terrorism –Bush Doctrine »Root out terrorism »US and NATO countries enter Afghanistan and Iraq »Promoting democracy »Promoting capitalism North Korea explodes nuclear bomb and Iran developing nuclear bomb

10. History of Foreign Policy Pres. Obama –National Security Focus Defeat terrorism (Afghanistan War) Down plays spreading democracy –Multilateralism: engage other nations in solving world problems Korea: Group of Six Use UN to build coalitions to solve problems –Korean Sanctions Use force as a last resort –Doesn ’ t want to use the military as a form of leverage –Date of withdrawal from Afghanistan

11. North Korean Nuclear Problem? __________________ Power in World Politics

12. Nuclear Powers

14. North Korean History North Korea –Communist Dictatorship: Kim Jon il Son: Kim Jon-un –Economy Command: low industrial/agricultural output GDP: $22 Billion (2002) Population: 23 Million –Military 4th Largest Army 31% of budget goes to military

15. Brief History 1993 –Clinton deal N. Korea can develop peaceful nuclear power and gets oil N. Korea agrees not to develop nuclear weapons 2003 –N. Korea abrogates Nuclear Proliferation Treaty; demands non-aggression pact with U.S. 2006 –Detonates first nuclear bomb 2007 –Agrees to end nuclear energy program

16. Brief History 2008 –Restarts nuclear program 2009 –Test second nuclear bomb 2010 –N. Korea torpedoes S. Korean war ship: 46 killed –U.S imposes sanctions on luxury goods to N. Korea –November U.S. scientist visits new enriched uranium plant N. Korea attacks disputed Yeonpyeong Island

17. U.S. Policy Options Handout aid and security assurances if N. Korea agrees to dismantle nuc program Military strike on nuclear facilities Economic sanctions Allow N. Korea to develop nuclear weapons