1. Erosion, & Types of Weathering Chapter 10

2. Erosion A process where water, wind, or gravity transports soil (sediment) from its source A process where water, wind, or gravity transports soil (sediment) from its source

3. The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces The process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces There are 2 main types, chemical & Physical There are 2 main types, chemical & Physical Weathering

4. Mechanical Weathering The break down of rock into smaller pieces due to physical means The break down of rock into smaller pieces due to physical means –Frost wedging (water freezing in rock cracks) –Abrasion (other rocks or sediment rubbing against rock.)

5. Chemical Weathering Rocks break as a result of a chemical change Rocks break as a result of a chemical change –Acid rain –Chemical decomposition –Gases in the air (oxidation)

6. Deposition Is the process where material lays to rest Is the process where material lays to rest Sediment is deposited in bodies of water and on land Sediment is deposited in bodies of water and on land

7. Chapter 6 The Rock Record

8. Sedimentary Rock Layers Sedimentary Rock Layers This is a normal record of rock. Layers are undisturbed. The Geologic Column is a model of what rock layers should look like. This is a normal record of rock. Layers are undisturbed. The Geologic Column is a model of what rock layers should look like.

9. Uniformitarianism A principle or rule that states that events that happened in the past can be explained by current earth (geologic) processes A principle or rule that states that events that happened in the past can be explained by current earth (geologic) processes Earth Processes like erosion, weathering, and deposition remain uniformed and do not change. Earth Processes like erosion, weathering, and deposition remain uniformed and do not change.

10. Catastrophism A principle that states that geologic changes happen suddenly. (natural disasters) A principle that states that geologic changes happen suddenly. (natural disasters) They believed the Earth was only a few thousand years old. They believed the Earth was only a few thousand years old. Catastrophic events formed the Earth, created volcanoes, mountains, oceans, etc. Catastrophic events formed the Earth, created volcanoes, mountains, oceans, etc.

11. Relative Dating Determines which comes first. Determining if rock layers are older or younger Determines which comes first. Determining if rock layers are older or younger Compare them to undisturbed rock around the world Compare them to undisturbed rock around the world

12. Principle of Superposition A principle or rule that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks in un-disturbed sequences A principle or rule that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks in un-disturbed sequences As you move from top of rock layers to the bottom the rock layers get older As you move from top of rock layers to the bottom the rock layers get older

13. SUPERPOSITION

14. Uplift movement within the Earth that moves rocks to the surface movement within the Earth that moves rocks to the surface

15. Unconformities Is a disturbance in the layer of a rock. Is a disturbance in the layer of a rock. Represents thousands, to millions of years in missing time in the layers of a rock Represents thousands, to millions of years in missing time in the layers of a rock Can be created through: Can be created through: –Erosion and weathering (p159, figure 4) –Faulting- (earthquakes) –Folding (anticlines, synclines, and monoclines) –Tilting –intrusion

16. Rock Intrusion A layer of molten rock (hardened magma) from the Earth’s interior that squeezes into existing rock and then cools. A layer of molten rock (hardened magma) from the Earth’s interior that squeezes into existing rock and then cools. Melts surrounding layers Melts surrounding layers Interrupts the rock time scale. Interrupts the rock time scale.

17. Types of Unconformities Disconformity – part of a parallel rock layer is missing. (Layers may be eroded away and deposited elsewhere) Disconformity – part of a parallel rock layer is missing. (Layers may be eroded away and deposited elsewhere) Nonconformity- horizontal sedimentary rock layers lay on the eroded surface of intrusive igneous rocks or metamorphic rocks Nonconformity- horizontal sedimentary rock layers lay on the eroded surface of intrusive igneous rocks or metamorphic rocks Angular unconformity- rocks are tilted or folded due to earthquakes or uplift (p 160) Angular unconformity- rocks are tilted or folded due to earthquakes or uplift (p 160)

18. Terms Erosion Erosion Weathering Weathering Uplift Uplift Deforestation Deforestation Mechanical weathering Mechanical weathering Chemical weathering Chemical weathering Relative dating Relative dating Uniformitarianism Uniformitarianism Superposition Superposition Intrusion Intrusion Catastrophism Catastrophism Un-conformity Un-conformity Strip Mining Strip Mining Frost Wedging Frost Wedging Abrasion Abrasion