1. Rise of the Roman Catholic Church Refer to Pages 179-183

2. Guiding Question: What conditions helped to establish the Roman Catholic Church as the major authority and how did the Church establish and maintain spiritual and political hegemony throughout the Middle Ages? What conditions helped to establish the Roman Catholic Church as the major authority and how did the Church establish and maintain spiritual and political hegemony throughout the Middle Ages?

3. Hegemony: Hegemony: 1. leadership or predominant influence exercised by one nation over others, as in a confederation. 2. leadership; predominance. 3. (esp. among smaller nations) aggression or expansionism by large nations in an effort to achieve world domination.

4. The prominance of the Roman Catholic Church rose out of the ashes of the fallen Roman Empire… Represented order and authority Represented order and authority Preserved elements of classical culture Preserved elements of classical culture Filled power vaccuum Filled power vaccuum

5. “ church ” vs. “ Church ” church (lowercase “ c ” ) – individual communities church (lowercase “ c ” ) – individual communities Church (uppercase “ c ” ) – Body of Christ Church (uppercase “ c ” ) – Body of Christ “ catholic ” – universal “ catholic ” – universal Institution of the Church became the One Catholic Church Institution of the Church became the One Catholic Church

6. Guiding Question: Is the Church today, primarily a spiritual union or a physical institution? Do you think this is how it ought to be? Is the Church today, primarily a spiritual union or a physical institution? Do you think this is how it ought to be?

7. “ Headship ” of the Church gave rise to its role as the universal spiritual authority The question is: How did the Roman Church become the “ head ” of the church? The question is: How did the Roman Church become the “ head ” of the church?

9. Influence of Leo I Persuaded Attila to spare Rome Persuaded Attila to spare Rome Hailed as papa or pope (father-protector) Hailed as papa or pope (father-protector) “ Father ” -figure translated to “ father ” of all churches “ Father ” -figure translated to “ father ” of all churches

10. Petrine Theory Matthew 16:18-19 Matthew 16:18-19 “ And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven. ”

11. The Church ’ s teachings and practice further establish it as the spiritual authority.

12. WHY? Middle Ages as “ Age of Faith ” Middle Ages as “ Age of Faith ” Illiteracy leads to reliance on the Church Illiteracy leads to reliance on the Church Roman Church as mediator between God and Humans Roman Church as mediator between God and Humans Guardian of Truth Guardian of Truth Interpreter of Scripture Interpreter of Scripture

13. Roman Catholic Sacramental System A sacrament is a religious act that grants grace (salvation) A sacrament is a religious act that grants grace (salvation) Core of worship Core of worship Requirement of salvation Requirement of salvation

14. Baptism Initiates one into the church by “ washing away original sin. ” Initiates one into the church by “ washing away original sin. ”

15. Confirmation (Receiving of the Holy Spirit) Brings one into full fellowship with the church and confers upon him the Holy Spirit to strengthen his spiritual life. Brings one into full fellowship with the church and confers upon him the Holy Spirit to strengthen his spiritual life.

16. Penance Contrition Contrition Confession Confession Satisfaction Satisfaction Absolution Absolution

17. Holy Eucharist Sacrifice Sacrifice Mass Mass Transubstantiation Transubstantiation

18. Matrimony Unites a man and woman as husband and wife Unites a man and woman as husband and wife

19. Holy Orders Sets an individual apart for the service of the church by ordaining him into the priesthood. Sets an individual apart for the service of the church by ordaining him into the priesthood.

20. Extreme Unction (Last Rites) Anointing or blessing to an ill or dying person to grant absolution of sins and offer spiritual comfort. Anointing or blessing to an ill or dying person to grant absolution of sins and offer spiritual comfort.

21. The Church claimed the exclusive right to administer the Sacraments… …And therefore the right to maintain itself as the only true spiritual authority. …And therefore the right to maintain itself as the only true spiritual authority.

22. “ Warriors ” of the Church Laity = Common people Laity = Common people Clergy = Servants of the Church Clergy = Servants of the Church Secular clergy Secular clergy Regular clergy Regular clergy

23. Monasticism

24. Monasticism Benedictine Rule: Benedictine Rule: "We must, then, prepare our hearts and bodies for the battle of holy obedience to his instructions. [T]herefore we intend to establish a school for the Lord's service." - The Rule's Prologue "These [the list of Biblical principles Benedict just laid out, such as not being proud, not paying back evil for evil, and never losing hop of God's mercy], then, are the tools of the spiritual craft. When we have used them without ceasing day and night and have returned them on judgment day, our wages will be the reward the Lord has promised: What the eye has not seen nor the ear heard, God has prepared for those who love him (1 Cor 2:9)."

25. Missionary Clergy St. Patrick St. Patrick St. Boniface St. Boniface

26. And who ’ s the head of the clergy? …That ’ s right, the POPE! …That ’ s right, the POPE!