2. Behaviorism Cathy Washington William Thurston Carolyn Beasley Linda Faniel

3. Behaviorist Theory Table of Contents Definition Key concepts Scientists who studied the behaviorist theory Classroom examples Citations

4. Behaviorism A conglomerate of internal psychological processes.

5. Two types of Behaviorism Classical and Operant Classical conditioning is “ a type of learning in which an organism learns to connect, or associate, stimuli”(p.122). Operant conditioning is, “a form of learning in which consequences of behavior produce changes in the probability that the behavior will occur”(p.125).

6. Key concepts Behavior is an observed behavior of an aggregated of response to internal and external stimuli which brought about the study behaviorism. Because behaviorism has expanded by demographics and has been divided to refining behavior so that variables of interest may be reliable present for explanation.

7. Behaviorist: Ivan Pavlov Pavlov studied behaviorism to see if external stimuli could affect the salivation process. In 1903 he published his results calling this a "conditioned reflex“ different from an innate reflex, such as yanking a hand back from a flame, in that it had to be learned. Pavlov called this learning process “conditioning” He thought that conditioned reflexes could explain the behavior of people.

8. Behaviorist: B.F. Skinner Skinner developed behavioral studies of rats that automatically reward behavior. He wrote The Behavior of Organisms and began his novel Walden II, about a commune where behaviorist principles created a new kind of utopia. He used operant conditioning the rewarding of a partial behavior or a random act that approaches the desired behavior. Skinner believed other all complicated tasks could be broken down and taught. He developed machines so students could learn bit by bit, uncovering answers for an immediate "reward."

9. Behaviorist: E. L. Thorndike In the research of psychologist E.L. Thorndike, positive consequences. He believes that given every performance were not as effective a motivator as intermittent or infrequent rewards. Apparently, satisfaction by reward wears off when it happens too often. Consequences are of three main types: "Reinforcement" is a consequence that causes a behavior to occur with greater frequency. "Punishment" causes a behavior to occur with less frequency. "Extinction," or lack of consequence, also causes behavior to occur with less frequency. Thorndike found behaviors and their consequences to be measurable.

10. Behaviorism in the Classroom In learning, behaviorism is rewarding because if focus on classroom management involves fewer disruptive behavior from students because each student is involved and eager to learn; rote memorization which focus on memorizing and avoiding understanding which allows a student to gain confidence while building learning skills; drill and practice is a structured and repetitive reviews of previous learned concepts to determine mastery and build understanding. Behaviorism in the classroom provides social interaction model of teaching by enhancing learning with diverse groups, and also promote interaction with the environment and social growth. Because behaviorism is designed to enhance learning in all students by centering the curriculum on problem and situations use problem solving process and pursue social proposes by using social studies orientation. Encourage students to work cooperatively together to achieve common goals, structure the instructional setting to reflect life to occur with in a large community setting and behaviorism fosters exploration of thinking and reflecting.

11. Behaviorism in the Classroom

13. Below is the hyperlink for a brief video of behaviorism in the classroom. (right click and open hyperlink) http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3965424523 438200573 http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3965424523 438200573

15. Behaviorism is a ______ of internal psychological processes. Method Conglomerate Process

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18. Which of the following is a behaviorist? Beethoven Obama Pavlov

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21. Which is not a type of behaviorism? Classical Operant Conservative

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24. ____ developed machines so students could learn bit by bit, uncovering answers for an immediate reward Pavlov Skinner Thorndike

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27. Which of the following add behavior stimulus? Positive Reinforcement Negative reinforcement No Reinforcement

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30. Classical Conditioning is a type of learning in which organisms learn to associate, or connect stimuli True False

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33. Taking this quiz is based on the behaviorist method of learning True False

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36. Operant Conditioning is not a form of learning in which consequences of behavior produce changes in the probability that the behavior will occur. True False

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39. What type of conditioning took place with the quiz you just took Operant Classical Physical

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42. Resources Links for more on Behaviorism: Videos: Behaviorism in Education http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q8xMsq11-hs Theories of Learning http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq9XIrNGgoQ&feature=fvsr http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLjV4fvr-aY Sites: http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/behaviorism.html http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/behavior.htm http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rlz=1R2GGLF_enUS363&biw=1003&bih=590&site =search&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=advantages%2Fdisadvantages+of+behaviorism+in+the+class room&btnG=Search&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=