1. ESCI 215 Chapter 14

2. Big Bang Several hypotheses and observations have been made about the universe; the biggest theory being the Big Bang theory Started in 1916 with Albert Einstein 1927 Belgian priest suggested the universe began with an explosion of an atom 1929 Edwin Hubble found evidence to support the big bang theory all galaxies in every direction are going away from Earth at speeds proportional to their distance

3. Big Bang 12 – 15 billion years ago a gigantic explosion of an “primeval” atom created the universe High temperature and density of the primeval atom caused the universe to expand rapidly Why all objects in space are moving away from other Over 1 billion years the chemical elements cooled and condensed into stars and galaxies

4. Our Expanding Neighborhood Advancements in transportation have allowed us to expand our concept of “neighbourhood” Community – country – planet - space

5. Changing Concept of Number Event 14-A Concept of Number has students consider if it is possible to ever count all stars and why not There are too many stars for our brains to even comprehend More stars than all the grains of sand on all the beaches in the world 1 grain of sand represents our solar system (sun, moons, planets) If you lost that grain, would it be missed? Consider all the other planets that exist in each of those grains of sand, how possible is it that life exists on other planets? Mathematically there must be life on other planets

6. Changing Concept of Size The only scale that can be shown accurately in books is one that compares sizes only, or one that compares distances only. If the scale is reduced to show both on a single page, the planets become too small to be seen. Page 273 The scales used on that Table 14.2 is: 1 mm = 5000 km 1 m = 5 000 000 km

7. Changing Concept of Distance Look at TABLE 14.3 Take sometime to think about the time it takes to travel these distances.

8. The Earth and Moon There are several events in the text that can be used to explain the relationship between the Earth and the Moon. Check out the following link for an explanation on the phases of the moon; http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases.pht ml http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases.pht ml

9. Measuring the Distance Around the Earth The earliest calculation was performed by Eratosthenes in 200B.C. Try and follow the calculation on Page 277

10. Eclipses Lunar Eclipse: The Earth gets between the sun and Moon, blocking sunlight to the moon. Solar Eclipse: The Moon gets directly between the Sun and the Earth, blocking sunlight to the Earth. Solar eclipse is less likely to occur…why??

11. Why Do We Have Seasons? Some teachers choose to include the seasons of the year in this unit Seasons are discussed in chapter 12 of text Other teachers cover the seasons separately

12. Assessment and Instruction Students keep a moon journal for 5 weeks Students make a journal with at least 20 sheets of paper and decorate the cover at home Include drawings and descriptions of shape and position of moon in relation to other objects in view www.learner.org/channel/workshops/lala/moonjinstruct.html Record any patterns they see about the path or position of the moon Summarize what they learned about the phases of the moon Evaluation: see list in text on page 281