1. 1 Challenges and Benefits of a Unified Synchronism Network Rodrigo Leal, Msc Engineer Colloquium on Smart Grid November 13-15, 2013 MYSORE – KARNATAKA - INDIA

2. 2 Eletrobras The biggest company of the electric power sector in Latin America Eletrobras is the leader of a system consisting of six subsidiary companies (Eletrobras Chesf, Eletrobras Furnas, Eletrobras Eletrosul, Eletrobras Eletronorte, Eletrobras CGTEE and Eletrobras Eletronuclear), six distribution companies, the Electric Power Research Center (Eletrobras Cepel) and Eletrobas Participações S.A. (Eletrobras Eletropar) and is also holder of 50% of the capital stock of Itaipu Binacional.

3. 3 The biggest generator of electricity of the Brazil, with 10.618 MW of installed power

4. 4 THE PRESENCE OF CHESF IN NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL IN NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL LUIZ GONZAGA Power Plant 1,500 MW

5. 5 TELECOMMUNICATION BUSINESS PLAN HORIZON 2018 Planning

6. 6 Scope The Telecommunication Business Plan considered the transformation of the several systems in compliance with all requirements of Electric Sector and of the new services demands.  Transport Network  Synchronism  Wide Area Network (WAN)  Unified Communications (UC)  Video Surveillance  Wireless Network (WiFi)  Security  Quality of Service

7. 7 Telecom Business Plan Telecom Business Plan Transport Network The new telecommunications transportation networks will utilize high capacity optical systems. In the high traffic regions, the transmission backbone will adopt the OTN (Optical Transport Network) technology, at 10 Gbit/s.

8. 8 In the design of networks should be considered the new needs such as IPv6, high availability, QoS, security, load balancing, multicast, and others.

9. 9 General Aspects of Smart Grid Introduction

10. 10 Concept of Smart Grid  Superstructure digital overlapped a power grid –Main functions: Sensoring (remote detection) and distributed measurements; Embedded processing; Advanced Integration in Network; –The purpose is to make the chain of delivery of electric power: Observable; Reliable Automatable; Integrated; Need for interaction between the network, devices and business processes. Perhaps this is the most difficult task, due to the diversity of all existing components. Telecommunications standard, transparent and reliable with security and synchronism form the basis of this network

11. 11 Substation Automation (SA) Overview of the use cases of Substation Automation (SA) Automation system of substation or next generation substation without GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events) Automation system of next generation substation with GOOSE Automation of substation with Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Physical security of substationManaging of the remote workforce of substation Distribution of accurate time at the substation Remote access to devices of substation Management of network and of the security

12. 12 Use cases and architecture solutions Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMI Distribution Automation (DA) Managing the workforce Inventory management Distributed intelligence Resource Management Telecom IEEE 802.15. 4g IEEE 1901.2 IEC 61850, IEC 60870, ModBus, etc. Mesh of RF Mesh of PLC FLIR Volt/VAR DER... Services of gateway of FAN Services time distribution (time, phase, and frequency) high-precision Security and security management Management of telecommunications network (configuration, fault, performance, security, accounting) Management of telecommunications network (configuration, fault, performance, security, accounting)

13. 13 Use cases and architecture solutions Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMI Distribution Automation (DA) Managing the workforce Inventory management Distributed intelligence Resource Management Telecom IEEE 802.15. 4g IEEE 1901.2 IEC 61850, IEC 60870, ModBus, etc. Mesh of RF Mesh of PLC FLIR Volt/VAR DER... Services of gateway of FAN Security and security management Management of telecommunications network (configuration, fault, performance, security, accounting) Management of telecommunications network (configuration, fault, performance, security, accounting) Services time distribution (time, phase, and frequency) high-precision Infrastructure unique, exact, precise, redundant, reliable, resilient and managed of synchronism Enhanced accuracy of time (of <50 ms to <4ms, or in some cases, in the range of µ seconds)

14. 14 Use cases and architecture solutions Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMI Distribution Automation (DA) Managing the workforce Inventory management Distributed intelligence Resource Management Telecom IEEE 802.15. 4g IEEE 1901.2 IEC 61850, IEC 60870, ModBus, etc. Mesh of RF Mesh of PLC FLIR Volt/VAR DER... Services of gateway of FAN Security and security management Services time distribution (time, phase, and frequency) high-precision Management of telecommunications network (configuration, fault, performance, security, accounting) Full control of the performance of network services (connectivity, quality of service, administration and maintenance of network services) Integrated management of heterogeneous network (based on the integrated inventory, physical and logical, of the network resources)

15. 15 Synchronism of the Network Current Situation

16. 16 Current: Synchronism separate networks  Telecommunications networks has their own synchronism Synchronism of frequency sent by the line signal (SDH or E1)  The control of the electric power system has their own synchronism Synchonism of time and phase, with GPS receivers distributed and copper cables dedicated on site Traditional Situation

17. 17 Current Synchronism Network  The synchronism network consists of the distribution of frequency from a network of clocks spread all over the area of ​​ CHESF.  The synchronism network uses a hierarchical structure with the primary reference clocks (PRC), that provide reference to the rubidium clocks and quartz by the network.  The primary reference originates from seven GPS own and each of the GPS serves, currently, no more than five SDH network elements (NEs), cascaded.

18. 18 S YNCHRONISM AND S MART G RID Requirements of precision of the time in the automation applications of the electric sector: SCADA: 1 s Distribuition Automation:100 ms Subestation Automation (sequence of events): 1 ms Process Bus: 10  s Syncrophasores: 1  s Requirements of precision of the time in the automation applications of the electric sector: SCADA: 1 s Distribuition Automation:100 ms Subestation Automation (sequence of events): 1 ms Process Bus: 10  s Syncrophasores: 1  s “Merging Units are the intelligent electronic devices that enable digital communication over the Ethernet network using sampled measured values between the process level and the bay level. Merging Units continuously measure multiple analogue CT/VT values from primary equipment and digitise them according to IEC 61850-9-2 standard. Data shifted at the receiving IEDs by just microseconds will result in the protection algorithm not working properly.”

19. 19 Why IEEE 1588?  It is necessary to transfer: –The exact time and accurate to IEDs, without requiring a point to point parallel system (out of band); –By the Industrial LAN IEEE 802.3 (within band); –Support wireless networks (IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15.4 e IEEE 802.16). Sensor Collector Switch Master Clock timing

20. 20 Profile IEEE 1588-2008 IEEE 1588-2008 … Default Profile Defined in the Annex J. /1588 Industrial Automation (V1) Power Profile Defined in the standard IEEE C37.238 – LAN of substation All switches must have the function of "transparent clocks" Telecom Profile Defined by ITU-T (G.8265.1) – Telecommunication (WAN) – To transfer frequency in applications of Telecommunications Common profile for use of the PTP (IEEE 1588-2008) for protection, automation and data communication in systems electro-energetic, over an Ethernet communications architecture; Dedicates special attention to ensuring a distribution of time consistent and reliable within substations, between substations and across wide geographic areas.

21. 21 Network Elements IEEE 1588  Ordinary clocks (Grandmasters and slaves)  Boundary Clocks Regenerate PTP messages, eliminating the delays found in the path (path delay); usually, implemented in switches or distributors equipped with internal clocks  Transparent Clocks These are switches with the ability to measure and notify called "residence time" (delay between input and output of packages IEEE1588).

22. 22 Recommendations Substation Clocks  Usar dois GMCs como relógios de SE Use two GMCs as clocks SE –The choice between them is through the Best Master Clock algorithm  Use GPS location  Equipping GMC with rubidium  Provide GMC with slave function IEEE 1588 Telecom Profile –Provide signal IEEE 1588 Telecom Profile of SSU remote by telecommunications network (to cover failure of the GPS)  Specify carefully substation clocks

23. 23 Redundant Topology IEEE PC37.238 IEEE PSRC (C37.238), PTP power profile PTP ITU-T (G.8265.1), PTP telecom profile Network LAN GMC main GMC backup PMU MU: merging unit P: relay of protection C: controller : Switch Ethernet

24. 24 Infrastructure Integrated of Synchronism Multiple Reference Grandmaster remote PTP with telecom profile IEEE 1588 PTP telecom profile 1ª 2ª 3ª Holdover of rubidium GPS Rubidium ensures about 8 days of holdover <26  s (1% TVE)

25. 25 Recommendations Intra-site Distribution  Use industrial switches with Transparent Clock(P2P) –The TC function accumulates less error that the function BC –TC P2P implements peer delay measurement Measures and provides the full delay to the GMC or BC higher Measures including the links blocked In case of reconfiguration, already know the delay for any of their ports up to the GMC or BC higher (convergence immediate)  Use converters IEEE 1588v2 Power Profile to IRIG-B in the external area (for legacy devices)  Manage all equipment of distribution synchronism  Specify carefully all switches and distributors of clock

26. 26 Substation Clock Time distribution in the substation … Present Recorder GPS IRIG-B Protection RTU IRIG-B Bus/NTP PPO Protection Relay Alarms Gateway of substation PMU Switch of substations 61850 LAN  IEEE PSRC (C37.238) Power Profile Relays House and Future E1/2048 kHz ADM IRIG-B AM/DC DCF77 Local time UTC time

27. 27 Example of implementation GMC main GMC backup PTP Switch LAN main Switch LAN Backup IEDs Smart IEEE PSRC (C37.238), PTP power profile E1/2048 kHz (Telecommunications) E1/2048 kHz (Telecommunications) PTP Converter PTP - IRIG-B IEDs IRIG (legacy) IRIG-B

28. 28 Proposal Unified Network

29. 29  Challenges –Functional structure with separated areas Telecommunication Automation Information Technology –Modus operandis to be implemented  Benefits –Reduction of investments. –Reliable –Robust –High availability –Managed –Sharing maintenance Challenges and Benefits

30. 30 Suggested that the synchronism network operated by telecommunications can also be used, with clear advantages for other sectors of the company, and be prepared to attend the new requirements, with optimization of investment, improvements in the operation and sharing maintenance of the network, and consequent cost reduction. Conclusion

31. 31 Thanks

32. 32 Thank you! धन्यवाद Rodrigo Leal de Siqueira rodrigol@chesf.gov.br Tel: +55 (81) 3229.4319