1. Fundamentals of Networking
Discovery 1, Chapter 1
Personal Computer Hardware

2. Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will meet these objectives:
Identify the purpose & uses of personal computers and describe local and network applications.
Compare and contrast different types of computing devices.
Explain the binary representation of data.
Determine appropriate components and peripheral devices to meet requirements.
Install, verify, and upgrade computer components and peripherals.

3. How & Where Computers are Used
What are they used for at home?
How about in the government?
School?
How about cars?
Computers are integrated in lots of devices
TV’s, cash register, ATM, fridge, planes

4. Common Features Hardware (physical) OS- Required Application Software
Manages the hardware
Controls the resources, like memory
Application Software
Program loaded to perform specific function
Can you name an example?

5. Application Software Business/Industry-specific General Use
Designed specially
Medical
CAD
Educational
Mitchell on Demand- Auto
General Use
Wide range use & home
Word processing
Spreadsheet
Accounting

6. Local or Network Local Application Network Application Stored on HD
Works on that PC
Network Application
Runs over network (Internet)
2 components
One parts runs on local
Other part runs on remote host
is a good example

7. Activity
1. G, N 2. G, L B, L 4. B, N G, N G, L

8. Review What makes Word a local application?
Stored on the computer’s hard drive
Application software can fit into what two categories?
General use & industry specific
General Use or Industry Specific?
PowerPoint
Medical Patient software
PowerSchool
Access

9. Classes of Computers Mainframes Servers Desktops Workstations Laptops
Hand-held portable devices

10. Servers High performance Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, storage
Provide a service to clients
, web, files, print sharing
The services are important
Has redundant parts
Needs to be available at all times
Backups
Kept in secure area

11. Workstations High-powered business computers
Designed for special high-end apps
3-D, CAD, Video Animation, Virtual Reality
Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high-capacity drives
Usually have very powerful graphics capabilities and a large monitor or multiple monitors.

12. Activity
1. W 2. D 3. W D 5. S

13. Portable Devices Laptop, Tablet, PDA, Cell, Gaming Portable
Can plug into docking station
External monitor, more ports
Advantages?
Disadvantages?

14. Review 1 Name 5 of the 6 classes of computers.
Servers, Workstations, Desktops, Portable, Mainframe, Handheld
Where do workstations & servers keep data stored?
Hard drive
A local application is stored where?
On the PC’s hard drive
How is a server different than a workstation?
Server provides services to other computers (clients)

15. Review 2 Why hook a laptop to a docking station?
External monitor, more ports
What’s another word for redundant?
Duplicate
T or F. Servers need redundant parts because they require more power.
False
Why do servers need redundant parts?
They need to be accessed by clients all the time

16. Binary On (1) or Off (0)  BITS
Used to represent letters, numbers, graphics, etc
ASCII
What is your name in ASCII? 1.3.1
Each letter, number, etc, is 8 bits(b) = 1 byte
Capital letter: A =
Number: 9 =
Special character: # =
On/Off like a light switch

17. Measuring Data 1KB= 1024 bytes 1MB= more than a million bytes
1GB= more than a billion bytes
What’s after gigabytes?
Terabytes (TB)

18. Measuring Data 2 Photo: more detail= more amount of bits
5MP (3MB) vs. 10MP (8MB)
Also used for storage devices
Hard drive, MP3 player, etc.

19. Bits for Data Speed USB 2.0 operates at 480 mega bits per second
480,000,000 bits of information transferred per second
Forty 3 megabyte (MB) song need to be transferred from your MP3 player to your computer
120MB of songs will transfer through USB in about 2 seconds
100 vacation pictures at 5MB each, transferred to your computer through USB
500MB of pictures takes about 9 seconds to transfer
Larger size files take longer to transfer
Calculator Link-

20. Flashback
Click here
A computer with 64K of RAM, and four 18 MB hard drives cost $9,329.00, An additional 18 MB hard drive costs $4, The 18 MB hard drive is about 6 inches wide, 4 inches high, and 12 inches in length, weighing about 10 pounds. This device would hold approximately five average size MP3’s.

21. Activity
Conversions
Find speed, HD size, HD space available, RAM on school computer & home computer

22. Digital Communication
Digital info transmits over distances without the quality becoming degraded.
Modem converts bits for travel over media

23. Data Transfer Rates kbps or Mbps Download times are theoretical
Depends on connection quality, overhead, etc.
How long to download an 100 5MB pictures through your Comcast 25Mbps connection?
According to calculator, 3 minutes and 4 seconds
Manually, you’d have to convert to bits first and then multiply
Old analog modems are 56kbps.

24. Video- Bits & Bytes
Video Link
Not available on web

25. Other Computer Measurements
Screen Resolution
Measured in pixels
1280 x 1024 (H x V)
CPU
Measured in Hz & GHz
How fast is cycles or refreshes
A 3GHz CPU executes 3,000,000,000 cycles per second

26. Lab 1.3.3
Determining the Screen Resolution of a Monitor

27. Review The basic measurement of a CPU is what?
Hertz
The basic measurement of data is what?
Bit
How many possible values can a binary digit have? 2
Data transfer speed is usually measured in what?
kbps and Mbps

28. Computer Systems Two types: Each has advantages & disadvantages
Pre-assembled
Custom built
Each has advantages & disadvantages

29. Pre-assembled Computers
Advantages:
Lower cost
Good for most applications
No wait for assembly
Typical for basic consumers
Disadvantages:
Often lack the performance level that can be obtained from custom built computers

30. Custom Built Computers
Advantages:
You can specify exact components you need
Generally support higher performance applications such as graphics, gaming, and server applications
Disadvantages:
Generally more costly than preassembled PC
Longer wait for assembly

31. What Do You Consider Important?
Motherboard
Processor
RAM
Storage
Adapter Cards
Case & Power

32. Motherboard Large circuit board Connects electronics
Allows components to attach
It moves data between components
Slots for expansion cards, certain CPU’s fit it, type of RAM, etc.

33. Processor CPU What’s the path data moves on called? Decide 1st
Speed measured in MHz, GHz
Faster= more heat & consume more power
Processes all data
What’s the path data moves on called?
Bus

34. RAM Stores data while being processed by the CPU
All programs run from RAM
2nd most important factor
More RAM= better multitasking

35. Storage What happens to RAM when no power?
Hard drives are non-volatile
Data does not go away when no power
Magnetic storage devices
HD, Floppy, Tape
Optical storage devices
Read only: CD, DVD
Write once: CD-R, DVD-R
Write many: CD-RW, DVD-RW
Static memory (flash) drives
USB

36. Adapter Cards
Add functionality to computer

37. Case & Power Usually sold with power supply Surge Protector UPS
Case style (desktop, tower, etc)
PS power requirements
Surge Protector
Remove spikes & surges from line
UPS
Internal rechargeable battery
Provides battery backup in power failure
Time to save & shut down

38. Review 1 Which costs more, pre-assembled or custom PC?
Which is fine for general use?
Pre-assembled
What is it called when you run more than one program at a time?
Multitasking
What is vital for multitasking?
More RAM

39. Review 2
Which type of adapter card connects you to other devices in a LAN?
Network card
What device attempts to remove spikes from the electrical line?
Surge protector
What does a UPS do?
Battery backup & gives you time to save & shut down
What component processes all data?
CPU

40. Safety & Best Practices
Before you open the case…
Shut power off & remove cable
DO NOT OPEN MONITORS OR POWER SUPPLIES!!!!
Hot-swappable
Remove components without shutting down
ESD can cause damage to components
Static electricity transfer
Wear wrist strap/grounding strap
Review

41. Installing Components
Hot swap or not?
If not, unplug power
Attach grounding strap
Remove old component
Put new one in
Connect cables, close case, power up
Start PC & driver load
Might be in OS; Will prompt if not
Get current driver from manufacturer's web site
Test
Note: In most current OS’s, system resources will be assigned automoatically

42. Problems? Make sure it’s on! Check system resources (old)
Check drivers
Updated?
Wrong one?
Reseat card/unplug & re-plug
Restart computer

43. Identify Ports

44. End of Chapter Review (10)

45. Fundamentals of Networking
Discovery 1, Chapter 1
Personal Computer Hardware