1. Culture and emotion

2. Hofstede’s approach Power distance Uncertainty avoidance
Individualism-collectivism
Masculinity-femininity
Bond: Based on Chinese data, added Confucian work dynamism (or Long-term orientation)

3. What about levels in different countries?

4. Schwartz world value survey
At individual level (10 values):
Openness to change vs. tradition
Self-enhancements vs. self-transcendence
At nation level (7 values):
Autonomy-embeddedness
Hierarchy-egalitarianism
Mastery-harmony

5. Other approaches Smith et al. Inglehart
Loyalty to organization vs. utilitarianism
Conservation vs. egalitarianism
Inglehart
Self-expression vs. survival
Rational-legal vs. traditional authority
Tight vs. Loose cultures (Gelfand et al., 2011)
How does this concept relate to the others?
Why are certain countries high or low?
What other effects might this have?

6. Cultural differences in
Self-concept
Self-consistency (self-monitoring)
Self-enhancement
Approach/avoidance
Agency and control
Desire to fit in
Honor culture
Relationships
In vs out group
Friendship differences

7. Cognition (Nisbett, Peng, Choi, & Norenzayan, 2001)
Analytic vs. holistic thinking
Attention to background
Reasoning styles
Attribution
How did these differences come about?
How are they maintained?
What are implications of these differences for research?

8. Emotion Basic emotions Display rules Intensity of emotions Happiness
In-group advantage “emotion dialect”

9. Emotions Where do emotions come from and what is their purpose?
Appraisal theory
Relevance, congruence, responsibility, control, power
Interpret important event or object, give it meaning, get emotion
Critiques of appraisal theory
Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion
Misattribution of arousal
Mood congruence

10. Affect infusion model (Forgas)
Low infusion: direct access and motivated processing
High infusion: heuristic and substantive
Similarities to other dual process: HSM and ELM
How are emotions social?
Contagion of emotion vs. norms (bottom up vs. top down)
Unconscious emotion (subliminal faces)
Embodiment of emotion
Moral judgments: trustworthiness and dominance

11. Affective forecasting (Wilson & Gilbert, 2003)
What are we good vs. bad at predicting? Why?
Durability bias
Impact bias
Misconstrual problem
Projection bias
Expectation effects
Focalism
Emotional evanescence
The role of sense making