1. Chapter 4
Resources and Land Use

2. Section 1 World Resources
Capital Resources
The money and machines used to produce goods and services.
Human Resources
The people who perform various tasks.

3. Natural Resources
Materials that people take from the natural environment to survive and to satisfy their needs.
2 types of resources
Renewable Resources
Nonrenewable Resources

4. Renewable Resources
The environment continues to supply or replace them.
Soil
Fresh Water
Sun

5. Nonrenewable Resources
Cannot be replaced once they have been used.
Minerals formed in the earth’s crust over millions of years.
Fossil Fuels

6. Fossil Fuels
Coal, oil, and natural gas
Formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals
Recycle and reduce consumptions help nonrenewable resource use.

7. Energy Sources
Main energy source is nonrenewable fossil fuels.
Oil reserves will be depleted in less than 100 years.
Coal reserves will last another 200 years, but cause heavy pollution and acid rain.

8. Oil- over half of the world’s known supply is in Southwest Asia.
Natural Gas- Northern Eurasia has the world’s greatest reserves
Coal- U.S., China, and Russia have rich deposits.

9. Nuclear Energy
Produced by fission- the splitting of uranium atoms in a nuclear reactor to release their stored energy.
Problems with nuclear energy- leaks, explosions, and disposal (remains toxic for thousands of years).

10. Geothermal Energy
Energy that comes from the earth’s internal heat.
Used by Iceland, Japan, Italy, and New Zealand

11. Solar Energy
Energy produced by the sun.
Potentially the greatest renewable energy source.

12. Section 2 World Economic Activity
Primary Activities
Agriculture and farming
Secondary Activities
Industries that process natural resources
Manufacturing
Turning raw materials into finished products.

13. Tertiary Activities
Service industries- transportation, advertising, government, banking, health care, teaching, etc.
Businesses that are not directly related to the gathering of raw materials or to manufacturing.

14. Developed Countries
Modern industrialized societies
France, U.S., Japan
Developing Countries
Lack industries and modern technology
Depend on developed countries for many of their manufactured good.

15. GNP- Gross National Product
Measures the total value of goods and services produced in a year.
In the late 1990s the U.S. led all nations of the world in the yearly value of its economic production.
The nation's annual GNP reached $7.7 trillion in 1997.

16. Per Capital GNP
The GNP divided by the country’s total population.
Per capita GNP of $28,740 in 1997
The people of the U.S. had one of the world's highest standards of living.

17. Farming
Developing countries- 50% of the population farms for a living.
Developed countries- less than 10% of the population farms for a living.

18. Gatherers and Hunters
Nomadic lifestyle of gathering what grows natural and following herds of animals.
Travel from place to place depending on the climate.

19. Subsistence Farming
People grow only enough for their own family’s or village’s needs.
Mainly grow food to eat, not to sell.
Mainly in Developing Countries.

20. Commercial Farming
Farmers raise crops and livestock to sell in the market.
Mainly in Developed Countries
Geo Facts- p. 105
Approximately 40% of the world’s grain supply goes to feed livestock.