1. Copyright 2010. PEER.tamu.edu

2.  Protein  Fat  Carbohydrates  Minerals  Calcium  Phosphorous  Magnesium  Vitamins  Vitamin D

3.  What are some differences in these two substances?  Can you guess what might make something organic or inorganic? Organic Inorganic

4.  Organic Substances are considered to come from biotic or living things, or things that were once alive.  They contain Carbon.  They typically also contain elements like hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.  Inorganic substances are considered to come from abiotic or non-living materials.  Many are minerals.  Most do not contain Carbon.

5.  Essential for muscle development.  Muscle activity promotes bone development. The Nutrients that affect Bones: Meat Fish Beans

6.  Too much fat = BAD!  A diet needs to be balanced for optimum health.  Obesity results in excessive weight & pressure on bones – not to mention the other problems of obesity.

7. This is one fat dog! It’s excess weight puts its bones in danger.

8.  Energy! Excess energy comes in high- carbohydrate diets or excessive food intake.  Excess dietary carbohydrate leads to excess calories in diet.  Excess calories can lead to obesity!

9.  Major component of bone.  Has to be in balance with Phosphorus.  Not all forms of calcium are equally absorbed from the digestive system.  Vitamin D promotes absorption. Milk is a great source Of Calcium

10.  Regulates balance with calcium.  Too much phosphorus can decrease bone density.  Diets with excess phosphorous can decrease calcium absorption.  Some sodas have large amounts of phosphorus and this can lead to calcium imbalance and a decrease in bone density. http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/feat ures/soda-osteoporosis

11.  Important for bone and tooth structure. Spinach is a good source of Magnesium

12.  Regulates digestive system absorption, excretion, & balance of calcium and phosphorus.  Required in dog and cat diets! Humans make vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, dogs and cats cannot.  During skeletal development, building of bone is dependent on how much calcium and phosphorus in is the diet and their proper regulation.  Added to most milk!

13.  What are the nutrients involved with bone development?  What is the difference between Organic and Inorganic?  Why are excess carbohydrates or excess fats harmful to bones?

14.  If people’s or pets’ diets are not balanced, many problems in bones can develop.  Malnutrition (not enough of the required nutrients), or over-nutrition (too much of the required nutrients) are both dangerous.  Imbalances in calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D intake directly affect bones.

15.  All growing puppies can be harmed by dietary imbalances and excessive food intake.  Malnutrition can especially cause problems in large-breed dogs.  Why do you think that is?

16. Can you see abnormalities (problems) in the radiographs on the following slides? A radiograph is a picture made by using x-rays.

17.  Caused by excess levels of calcium or phosphorus.  Enlargement at the growing end of bones or “growth plates.”  Could be caused by excess calorie intake.  How would this affect the function of the bone?

18.  Lesions (abnormal tissue) on joint surface.  Can occur due to excess calcium intake or over- nutrition.

19.  Inside of bone becomes inflamed.  Occurs in young, large- breed dogs.  Cause unknown.  Tends to get better with age. An area of "cottonwool“ where there is an increase in density in the middle of the bone

20.  Caused by excess dietary. energy and calcium.  Genetic predisposition in German Shepherds. Note: dog’s left hip joint has slipped out of its socket. Hip Dysplasia How could this be corrected? Normal Hips

21.  Can be caused by excessive calories/obesity, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and overuse of the joints.  How would this affect the function of the joint? Space between bones in the joint shrinks because the cartilage is worn down and the joint capsule is swollen.

22.  Rickets is a disease that causes deformity of bones, especially the bones of the spine, ribs, and legs. The disease can result in knock knees, bow legs, painful spasms, and difficulty breathing.  Rickets was common in Europe and North America until the early 1900’s.  Ancient Chinese, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman physicians knew of the disease.  The major cause of rickets is a lack of Vitamin D.

23.  The bones are curved and weakened due to Rickets.  This can happen in people and pets.  How would this affect the function of the bones?

24.  What are some of the conditions that affect bones that can be caused by imbalances in the diet?  What is Rickets and what is it caused by?

25.  It is extremely important, especially at your age, to get the proper nutrients in the right amounts necessary for bone growth and strength!