1. Body Systems
Chapter 15

2. Chapter 15.1
The Skeletal system

3. Your Body’s Framework
Skeletal System – is an internal system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue.
Made up of 3 parts
Bones
Joints
Connective Tissues

4. Bones There are 206 Bones in the Body Funtions of Bones Allow Movement
Provide Support
Protect other parts of your body
Form new blood cells
Store minerals

5. Joints Joints – the points at which bones meet. Types of Joints
Hinge Joints – move in one direction only
Gliding Joints – enable bones to slide over one another.
Pivot Joint – moves from side to side and up and down and allows for limited rotation.
Ball and socket joint – move in all direction, allowing rotation.

6. Connective Tissues
Cartilage – Strong, flexible tissue that provides cushioning at your joints.
Ligaments – Strong cords of tissue that connect the bones in each joint.
Tendons – Tough bands of tissue that attach your muscles to bones.

7. Problems of the Skeletal System
Fracture – a break in a bone caused by an injury.
Dislocation – Occurs when a bone is pushed out of its joint.
Sprain – stretching of twisting of ligaments in a joint
Osteoarthritis – a breakdown of cartilage that causes swelling and stiffness of joints.

8. Problems Continued… Scoliosis – a sideways curvature of the spine.
Osteoporosis – a condition characterized by brittle and porous bones.

9. Chapter 15.2
The muscular system

10. Muscular System
Your muscular system is the group of structures that make your body parts move.
Muscles are all throughout your body.
Muscles are located in your intestines, heart, and on your skeletal system.

11. Types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscles – muscle attached to bones that enables you to move your body.
Smooth muscle – muscle found in organs and in blood vessels and glands.
Cardiac muscle – muscle only found in the walls of your heart.

12. Muscles of the Body

13. Problems with the Muscular System
Pulled of torn muscle – Muscle has been torn away from the bone or has been damaged within itself.
Muscle strain – any type of soreness that develops in a muscle because of overuse. Caused by small tears in the muscle.
Cramped muscle – muscle remains contracted rather than extending. Usually a sign of dehydration.

14. The circulatory system
Chapter 15.3
The circulatory system

15. What is the Circulatory System?
The Circulatory System consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products.

16. Blood
Plasma – made up of 92% water. Transports blood solids, nutrients, hormones, and other minerals.
Red blood cells – carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them.
White blood cells – help fight disease and infection.
Platelets – help blood form a clot at the site of a wound.

17. Problems of the Circulatory System
Hypertension – a condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than normal.
Stroke – usually results from blood clots that block vessels in the brain.
Heart Attack – is blockage of the flow of blood to the heart.
Arteriosclerosis – a condition in which arteries harden.

18. Care of the Circulatory System
Limit fat in your food
Get regular exercise
Avoid tobacco
Manage stress

19. The respiratory system
Chapter 15.4
The respiratory system

20. What is the Respiratory System?
The organs that provide the body with a continuous supply of oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.

21. Problems with the Respiratory System
Influenza – colds caused by viruses
Bronchitis – Swelling of the bronchi
Allergies – immune responses to foreign substances
Asthma – inflammatory disease that causes the bronchi to become blocked or narrowed
Pnumonia – lung infection caused by viruses or bacteria

22. Emphysema – disease in which the alveoli are damaged or destroyed
Tuberculosis – bacterial lung infection that causes a dry cough in early stages.
Lung Cancer – a disease in which tissues of the lung are destroyed by the growth of a tumor.

23. Care of the Respiratory System
Stay active
Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke
Avoid polluted air
Reduce your risk of respiratory infection

24. Chapter 15.4
The nervous system

25. What is the Nervous System?
There are 2 parts
The Central Nervous System
The brain and the spinal cord
The Peripheral Nervous System
The nerves that connect the CNS to all parts of the body.

26. The Nervous System and the Brain

27. What are neurons?
Neurons are specialized cells that make up the nervous system.

28. Problems with the Nervous System
Head injury – Usually caused by a blow to the head
Spinal cord injury
Nerve inflammation

29. Chapter 15.6
The digestive system

30. What is the Digestive System
The digestive system is an organ system that converts food to a form useful to the body.
Digestion is the changing of food you eat into substances the body can use.

31. The Digestive System

32. Parts of the Digestive System
Small Intestine – a coiled, tubelike organ that is about 20 feet long.
Large Intestine – transports waste out of the body and absorbs water from the waste before it leaves.
Liver – large gland that has many digestive functions.
Gallbladder – small, saclike organ that stores bile
Pancreas – an organ that produces enzymes that assist in digestion.

33. Problems with the Digestive System
Indigestion
Diarrhea
Ulcers
Cirrhosis
Gallstones
Kidney Stones
Appendicitis
Hemorrhoids
Colon Cancer

34. Care of the Digestive System
Eat a variety of food
Eat complete meals
Do not rush your meals
Chew food thoroughly
Drink plenty of water
See your dentist regularly

35. Chapter 15.7
The endocrine system

36. What is the Endocrine System?
A chemical communication system that regulates many body functions.
It is made up of glands.
A Gland is a group of cells, or an organ, that secretes a chemical substance.

37. Some of the Organs in the Endocrine System

38. Problems of the Endocrine System
Diabetes
Overactive Thyroid
Underactive Thyroid
Growth Extremes

39. Caring for the Endocrine System
Eat balanced meals
Get enough sleep
Engage in regular physical activity
Keep things in perspective
Have regular medical checkups