1. Skeletal System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRI3MxWJ7tY

2. Skeletal System
Objective: By the end of the lesson students will be able to list (3) bones in the body, as well as explain (2) functions of the skeletal system.

3. How many bones are in the human body?
Fun Questions
How many bones are in the human body?
What is the largest bone in your body?

4. Key Point:
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and connective tissue!

5. Have You Ever?? Who is he? What’s his story?
Broken a bone?? 1 minute share with the person sitting behind/in front of you!
Who is he? What’s his story?

6. 5 Main Functions 1. Provides support for the body
2. Protects internal organs from damage.
3. Acts as framework for attached muscles.
4. Production of red and white blood cells
5. Allows movement of limbs

7. 2 main parts of skeletal system
1. Axial
Center of skeleton
Ribs, sternum, skull, and spine
2. Appendicular
All the limbs outside the axial skeleton

8. Types of Skeletons

9. Types of Skeletons

10. Bone Types Examples legs, arms, fingers (phalanges)
LONG – primarily used to support weight.
Examples legs, arms, fingers (phalanges)

11. Bone Types SHORT – support weight and allow small movements.
Examples ankles and wrists

12. Bone Types FLAT – for protection and support.
Examples ribs, shoulder blades (SCAPULA), breastbone (STERNUM)

13. Bone Types
IRREGULAR BONES – protection of nervous tissue
Examples  Vertebrae (backbone) protect spinal cord, mandible (jaw), sacrum

14. 1. Diaphysis – Shaft of bone 2. Epiphysis – ends of the bone
Anatomy of a Long Bone
1. Diaphysis – Shaft of bone
2. Epiphysis – ends of the bone

15. Long bone picture

16. 2 Layers of Bone 1. Periosteum – Outer layer Dense, thick, and hard
2. Endosteum – Inner layer
Less dense bone that is sponge like.

17. Joints Slightly moveable – vertebra and ribs
Defined: Points at which bones meet
statistics
Slightly moveable –
vertebra and ribs

18. Types of Joints
1. Joint – a location in the body where two or more bones meet to enable movement.
2. Ball and Socket Joint
Enables wide range of motion
Example – shoulder and hip
3. Hinge Joint
Lesser range of motion than ball and socket
Example elbow and knee
4. Pivot Joint
Enables rotation of head and forearm

19. Ball and Socket Joint

20. Hinge Joint

21. Pivot Joint

22. Connective Tissue There are 3 types of connective tissue:
Cartilage – strong, flexible cushion between the bones (knees, hips, etc.)

23. Connective Tissue Ligaments – attach bone to bone

24. 3 Types of Connective Tissue
3. Tendon – fibrous cord that attaches MUSCLE to BONE!
Achilles tendon in back of your foot

26. Problems of Skeletal System
Fracture – any type of break in the bone
1. Hairline Fracture – parts of the bone do not separate

28. Problems of Skeletal System
2. Transverse Fracture – when the break is completely across the bone

30. Problems of Skeletal System
3. Comminuted Fracture – bone shatters in more than 2 pieces

32. 4. Compound Fracture – break in bone punctures the skin

34. Problems of Skeletal System
4. Osteoporosis – condition in which there is a progressive loss of bone tissue
Bones weaken and become brittle
Caused by a lack of vitamin D and calcium
Milk and other dairy products are excellent sources.
Weight training and physical activity help increase bone mass

35. Osteoporosis

36. Problems of Skeletal System
5. Scoliosis
Lateral, side to side, curvature of the spine.
Depending on how serious, can be treated by light exercise, a special brace, or surgery.

37. Scoliosis

38. Problems of the Joints
1. Dislocation – bone slips out of place, tearing the ligaments that attach bone to bone

40. Problems of the Joints
2. Arthritis – inflammation of a joint, resulting from natural wear and tear

42. Problems of the Joints
3. Carpal tunnel syndrome – ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell, causing numbness, pain, and weakness in the hand.
Caused by normal wear and tear – typing, writing, etc.

43. Ways To Care For Your Skeletal System:
Have a healthy diet
DAIRY
2. Wear protective gear

44. Ways To Care For Your Skeletal System:
3. Get regular check-ups
4. Do weight bearing exercises

45. Pelvis
Vertebrae
Label each bone
Color each bone
Place each bone in correct location
Be neat

47. SKELETAL ASSESSMENT