1. ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

2. Adenosine Triphosphate
What Is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate
Molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

3. Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
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What Does ATP Do for You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!
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5. How Do We Get Energy From ATP?
By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP
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6. What is the Process Called?
HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)
H2O
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How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
ATPase
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How is ATP Re-Made?
The reverse of the previous process occurs.
Another Enzyme is used!
ATP Synthetase
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The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP Synthetase
ATP-ase
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10. When is ATP Made in the Body?
During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals
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Cellular Respiration
Includes pathways that require oxygen
Breakdown of one glucose molecule produces 36 ATP molecules
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12. Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration
C6H12O O2
YIELDS
6CO2 + 6H ATP’s

13. Important Molecules in Cellular Respiration
CO2 – Carbon Dioxide
ATP – Adenine triphosphate
NAD – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
FAD – Flavin adenine dinucleotide

14. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?
STEP 1 - Glycolysis
STEP 2 - The Krebs Cycle
STEP 3 - The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

15. Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?
It actually takes place in two parts of the cell:
Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle & ETC Take place in the Mitochondria

16. Mitochondria Structure
Smooth outer Membrane
Folded inner membrane
Folds called Cristae
Space inside cristae called the Matrix

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Diagram of the Process
Occurs across Cristae
Occurs in Cytoplasm
Occurs in Matrix
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18. STEP 1 Glycolysis Summary
Takes place in the Cytoplasm
Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)
Uses 2 molecules of ATP
Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvic Acid

19. Glycolysis Summary Produces 2 NAD and 4 ATP molecules
(2 ATP Used & 4 Produced so overall 2 ATP molecules from glycolysis)
Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is removed

20. 2 PYRUVATE (3 Carbon) + 2ATP
Glycolysis Diagram
GLUCOSE (6 Carbon) ⇓
2 PYRUVATE (3 Carbon) + 2ATP

22. Fermentation Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)
Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Makes only 2 ATP molecules

23. Krebs Cycle Summary Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
Cyclical series of reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle
Turns twice per glucose molecule
Produces 2 ATP molecules
Takes place in matrix of mitochondria

24. Krebs Cycle Summary
Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2, and 2CO2

25. Krebs Cycle
ATP
NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH2, & 2CO2

26. Electron Transport Chain Summary
32 ATP Produced
H2O Produced
Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane
Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept electrons from glucose