1. P ERSONALITY T HINK Q UEST F OLLOW - UP Grade 12

2. B UT WAIT … What about “Multiple Personality Disorder”?

3. M ULTIPLE P ERSONALITIES ?? Dissociative identity disorder (known in the past as multiple personality disorder) is a condition where an individual develops different personality states, generally following repeated physical, sexual or emotional abuse.

4. D ISSOCIATIVE I DENTITY D ISORDER Most of us have experienced some form of dissociation at some point in our lives. For example, you may have dissociated or spaced out during boring situations such as a long, boring drive, and then not really remember how you got somewhere. Or you may have experienced stressful situations where you were numb or spaced out and can’t really recall what happened.

5. D ISSOCIATIVE I DENTITY D ISORDER However, when a person is faced with overwhelming stress as may happen with abuse, dissociation is a normal process that can happen to deal with the stress. For example, a child who experiences sexual abuse may ‘space out’ as a way to protect herself from remembering the event. When such stress or trauma happens over and over again, it can lead to dissociative identity disorder.

6. D ISSOCIATIVE I DENTITY D ISORDER When dissociative identity disorder does occur, it usually happens when the trauma has occurred in childhood (e.g. before age 7-9). Young children are the most vulnerable because they have not yet had the opportunity to develop a stable sense of self or personality. People who are easily hypnotizable (i.e. prone to go into trance) are also at high risk.

7. D ISSOCIATIVE I DENTITY D ISORDER Although dissociation may be a useful coping strategy in the beginning to deal with trauma, dissociation that continues to occur later on in life can cause problems in day-to-day life, and can cause severe problems in a person’s school, work or personal life. According to the International Society for the Study of Dissociation, DID occurs in 1-3% of the population.

8. D ISSOCIATIVE I DENTITY D ISORDER Kim Noble Judy takes over Art Therapy

9. P ERSONALITY T HEORIES Grade 12 Family Studies

10. P ERSONALITY T HEORIES Personality is a combination of traits, characteristics, capabilities, values, beliefs and needs possessed by each of us. A psychological trait is any aspect of personality that is reasonably characteristic of an individual. A list of traits would be practically endless but Carl Jung grouped personality traits by two broad dimensions.

11. C ARL J UNG Jung proposed the existence of two pairs of cognitive functions: The "rational" (judging) functions: thinking and feeling The "irrational" (perceiving) functions: sensing and intuition From Jung's original concepts, Briggs and Myers developed their own theory of psychological type, described below, on which the MBTI is based.

12. M YERS / B RIGGS

13. J UNG MEETS F REUD Group photo 1909 in front of Clark University. Front row: Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, Jung; back row: Abraham A. Brill, Ernest Jones, Sándor Ferenczi.

14. S IGMUND F REUD Freud: Id, Ego, Superego Freud: Psychosexual Stages Freud: Defense Mechanisms Freud: Final Summary

15. F REUDIAN S LIPS A Freudian slip is an error in speech, memory, or physical action that is interpreted as occurring due to the interference of some unconscious wish, conflict, or train of thought. For example: She: 'What would you like -- bread and butter, or cake?' He: 'Bed and butter... Whoops!

16. A NOTHER FRIEND OF F REUD Alfred Adler was another famous psychologist and doctor that collaborated with Freud.

17. A LFRED A DLER A Bit about Alfred Adler

18. K URT L EWIN A few years later a man named Kurt Lewin published a “dynamic theory of personality”. According to Lewin, the self includes: Personal Self Social Self Ideal Self

19. P ERSONAL S ELF : The individual’s perception of self Attitudes Beliefs Impressions Habits Values

20. S OCIAL S ELF The image the individual wants to project for people to perceive. Perceptions, emotions, attitudes, and feelings about yourself in relation to other people.

21. I DEAL S ELF The self the individual would like to be Image you have of what you wish to become.

22. K URT L EWIN In order for a person to adjust and be stable, it is necessary for these three selves to pull together. The individual can be satisfied with the total self when the three subselves are nearly identical.

23. A NOTHER G UY W ORTH M ENTIONING … Erik Erikson was particularly interested in the development of personality and identity. He believed everyone went through 8 stages. At each stage the individual must deal with a particular crisis. The successful resolution of each crisis puts another piece of an individual’s identity in place.

25. O UR I NTELLECTUAL AND M ORAL D EVELOPMENT ARE A LSO PART OF OUR PERSONALITY …

26. J EAN P IAGET PiagetPiaget: Cognitive Development