1. Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders Lesson 4

2. Objectives Describe the disorder of schizophrenia Describe several theories that try to explain mood disorders

3. Bell Ringer Read exploring psychology p.465

4. Schizophrenia Difficulty using language Go from one phrase to another in random association –Don’t remember beginning of sentence so finish in random Is the most severe and complex psychological disorder

5. What is schizophrenia? Affects 1 in 100 worldwide 1 in 10 within families Involves confused and disordered thoughts and perceptions Lose contact with reality Serious difficulty meeting demands of life

6. What is schizophrenia? Many experience delusions –False beliefs maintained in the face of contrary evidence Hallucinations- perceptions in the absence of corresponding sensation –Hear voice when no sound present Incoherence- marked decline in thought process

7. What is schizophrenia? Emotions may be inappropriate for the circumstances Deterioration of normal movement- slow Decline in previous levels of functioning –Dropoff at work Diverted attention

8. Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid type- hallucinations and delusions Catatonic type- remain motionless for long periods Disorganized type- incoherent language, inappropriate emotions, hallucinations, and delusions

9. What is schizophrenia? Remission type- anyone whose symptoms are not severe enough or are seen as being in remission Very complex Long term hospitalization required, sometime institutionalization No real cure exists

10. Causes of Schizophrenia Genetics –But not completely –Studied identical twins and only 42% of the twins had the disease develop in the other twin Biochemistry –Chemicals may be involved

11. Causes of Schizophrenia Deteriorated brain tissue –Shown by CAT and MRI scans Family Interactions- Freud- blamed family –Do tend to be in families on verge of falling apart Diathesis-stress hypothesis- inherit predisposition, but placed in environment with stressors

12. Schizophrenia Affects more males than females First signs appear in teenage years

13. Schizophrenia April 1997- mass suicide of Marshall Applewhite and 38 followers of Heaven’s Gate cult –Many were identified as schizophrenic

14. Schizophrenia And Autism Autistic children do not respond to other people Child is slow to develop language and communication skills Autistic children are very limited in their interests and behaviors

15. Research People With Schizophrenia John Nash-mathematician and Nobel Prize winner Lionel Aldridge- defensive end for Green Bay Packers Peter Green-guitarist for Fleetwood Mac Syd Barrett-guitarist for Pink Floyd Vaclav Nijinsky- Russian dancer

16. Catatonic Schizophrenia See p. 468

17. Effects of Diagnosis on Treatment 1970’s David Rosenhan and seven others became psudopatients at a hospital Were diagnosed as schizophrenic After admission, none exhibited any abnormal behaviors Staff did not recognize them as normal Many patients knew they didn’t belong

18. Mood Disorders Everyone experiences mood swings Occasional depression is common

19. Major Depressive Disorder At least two weeks feeling depressed, sad, anxious, fatigued or agitated Reduced ability to function and interact with others Feelings not attributed to bereavement

20. Major Depressive Disorder Have 4 other symptoms: problems eating, sleeping, thinking, concentrating, decision making, lack energy, consider suicide, feel worthless or guilty

21. Postpartum Depression Relatively common 3 to 4 weeks after birth of a child Usually attributed to wide hormonal swings These episodes increase the risk for developing other types of depressive disorders

22. Research People With Depressive Disorders Vincent Van Gogh Robert Schumann Hector Berlioz William Styron Gustav Mahler

23. Films dealing with mental illness Blue Sky (1994) A Fine Madness (1966) Mr. Jones (1991) The Snake Pit (1947) Awakenings (1990) Possessed (1947) Bipolar Schizophrenia

24. Bipolar Disorder People are excessively happy or unhappy Manic phase- up phase –Read excerpt p. 471 Depressive- low phase Caused by a chemical imbalance

25. Seasonal Affective Disorder People who develop a deep depression in the winter Believe hormone melatonin plays a role –Higher levels in their blood Many treated by sitting under bright fluorescent lights

26. Explaining Mood Disorders Aaron Beck and Martin Seligman –Beck- depressed people draw illogical conclusions about themselves –Blame themselves for normal problems –Minor failure is a catastrophe –Seligman- Learned helplessness –No control over their life so it’s useless to try

27. Explaining Mood Disorders

28. Think neurotransmitters may play a role –Serotonin –noradrenaline

29. Explaining Mood Disorders After adolescence, women are twice as likely to experience depression –Hormonal changes –More women report their depression and seek help –Men try and distract themselves during depression so not to think about feelings.

30. Suicide and Depression Escape physical or emotional pain End the torment of unacceptable feelings Punish themselves for wrongs they committed Punish other who have not perceived their needs

31. Suicide and Depression Each year 32,000 Americans end their lives –1 every 16 minutes More women than men attempt suicide –Men are more successful Common among college students

32. Suicide and Depression People who threaten suicide or make an unsuccessful attempt are usually serious –70% threaten to do so within 3 months preceding their death Unsuccessful attempt is often a trial run All threats MUST be taken seriously

33. Suicide Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.