2. LAST LECTURE WE TALKED ABOUT DIETARY VITAMINS IN SPORTS TODAY WE WILL TALK ABOUT MINERALS

3. Lecture 13 MINERALS

4. OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13 MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND NON-ELECTROLYTES -SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS -IDATME MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS -IDATME

5. OUTLINE OF LECTURE 13 MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

6. MINERALS-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS SINGLE ATOMS CAN BE CHARGED OR UNCHARGED IN THE BODY MAJOR -ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN EXCESS OF 5 GRAMS -ELECTROLYTES AND MINERALS MINOR- ARE FOUND IN THE BODY IN AMOUNTS OF LESS THAN 5 GRAMS

7. MINERALS- GENERAL COMMENTS CONTINUED MOST ESSENTIAL- WE CANNOT MAKE THEM -SOME DEFICIENCIES HAVE NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED FOR SOME MINOR MINERALS MAKING IT UNCLEAR WHETHER THEY ARE NEEDED IN THE DIET

8. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MINERALS ? ELECTROLYTES IN PART RESPONSIBLE FOR FLUID BALANCE IN BODY SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CHLORIDE MAJOR MINERALS CALCIUM, PHOSPHOROUS, MAGNESIUM AND SULPHUR

9. SODIUM FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control, muscle function, nerve impulse transmission SOURCES-processed foods

10. POTASSIUM FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, pH control, muscle function, nerve impulse transmission SOURCES-fruits, vegetables, whole grains

11. CHLORIDE FUNCTION-fluid and electrolyte balance, part of stomach acid SOURCES-same as sodium

12. CALCIUM FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle function, blood pressure SOURCES –dairy, fortified orange juice, green leafy vegetables, small fish with bones

13. PHOSPHOROUS FUNCTION-bone and teeth formation, pH control, regulation of coenzyme function SOURCES-all animal products, bread and ready to eat cereal

14. MAGNESIUM FUNCTION- bone formation, nerve transmission, protein and carbohydrate metabolism (enzyme activity) SOURCES-green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains, seafood, chocolate

15. SULPHUR FUNCTION-protein structure, component of biotin, thiamin and insulin SOURCES-all protein foods

16. 16 MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN ABSORPTION-ACTIVE TRANSPORT TRANSPORT-FREE OR BOUND FREE- EXAMPLES SODIUM AND ALL OTHER MAJOR MINERALS (EXCEPT SULPHUR) BOUND - SODIUM CHLORIDE -POTASSIUM CHLORIDE -SULPHUR-INSULIN

17. 17 MAJOR MINERALS-IDATME METABOLISM- ALL READY IN CORRECT FORM-MINERALS IN =MINERALS OUT EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES

18. 18 AND NOW ONTO MINOR MINERALS

19. IRON FUNCTIONS- OXYGEN TRANSPORT- BLOOD AND MUSCLE SOURCES-RED MEATS, TOFU, BREAD

20. ZINC FUNCTIONS-TISSUE GROWTH AND WOUND HEALING, PART OF MANY ENZYMES IN ENERGY AND NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM IMMUNE FUNCTION, VITAMIN A TRANSPORT, INSULIN FUNCTION SOURCES-MEAT, FISH, POULTRY, BEANS

21. IODINE FUNCTIONS-PART OF THYROID HORMONES THAT REGULATE GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND METABOLIC RATE SOURCES-SEAFOOD, IODIZED SALT, BREAD

22. SELENIUM FUNCTIONS-ANTIOXIDANT SOURCES-SEAFOOD, LIVER, GRAINS FROM SELENIUM RICH SOIL

23. COPPER FUNCTIONS-HEMOGLOBIN FORMATION, PART OF SEVERAL ENZYMES, USED IN ENERGY METABOLISM SOURCES-ORGAN MEATS, SEAFOOD, NUTS

24. MANGANESE FUNCTIONS-PART OF ENZYMES IN FAT SYNTHESIS, GROWTH, AND BLOOD CLOTTING SOURCES -WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN FOODS

25. FLUORIDE FUNCTIONS-TOOTH ENAMEL MAINTENANCE, RESISTANCE TO DENTAL DECAY,BONE FORMATION AND INTEGRITY SOURCES-FLUORIDATED WATER(NATURAL OR OTHERWISE, TEA)

26. CHROMIUM FUNCTIONS-CO-FACTOR FOR INSULIN SOURCES-MEAT, WHOLE GRAIN, NUTS,CHEESE

27. MOLYBDENUM FUNCTIONS-COMPONENT OF MANY ENZYMES- WORKS WITH RIBOFLAVIN TO INCORPORATE IRON INTO HEMOGLOBIN SOURCES –MILK, LEGUMES, BREAD, GRAINS

28. 28 MINOR MINERALS-IDATME INGESTION- ORAL, TUBE, INTRAVENOUS DIGESTION – NOT BROKEN DOWN ABSORPTION-ACTIVE, FACILITATED AND OCCASIONALLY SIMPLE TRANSPORT-FREE – RARE- E.G. IODINE -BOUND- VERY COMMON- MOSTLY PROTEIN E.G. IODINE, IRON

29. 29 MINOR VITAMINS METABOLISM- TO CORRECT FORM AS REQUIRED EXCRETION- SWEAT, URINE, FAECES

30. 30 MINERAL TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES NOT LIKELY IF ONE IS FOLLOWING A PROPER TRAINING DIET PROPER TRAINING DIET GIVES SUFFICIENT MINERALS MINERALS AND THE MACRONUTRIENTS THEY METABOLISE OR PROTECT FREQUENTLY COME IN A PACKAGE

31. 31 MINERAL TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES DEFICIENCY-LOSS OF FUNCTION TOXICITY –METABOLIC INTERFERENCE

32. 32 THUS THERE IS AN INTEGRATION OF SOURCE, FUNCTION, DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY REMEMBER THAT SOURCE CAN INCLUDE SUPPLEMENTS INCLUDING PILLS

33. 33 MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS- WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY- NEED MORE MINERALS? – EAT MORE FOOD

34. 34 MORE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS IN THE DIET MORE MINERALS IN THE DIET CONTAINING THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS TO ASSIST WITH THE METABOLISM OF THE CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS. EVERYTHING IS INTEGRATED IT IS A PACKAGE DEAL!!

35. 35 MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS COPPER ZINC SELENIUM

36. 36 VITAMIN TOXICITIES AND DEFICIENCIES SLIDE ON INCREASING VITAMINS WITH INCREASED CALORIES

37. 37 NOTE THE COOPERATION BETWEEN MINERALS

38. SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13 MINERALS OVERALL-SOME GENERAL COMMENTS MAJOR MINERALS - ELECTROLYTES AND NON-ELECTROLYTES -SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS -IDATME MINOR MINERALS-SOURCES AND FUNCTIONS -IDATME

39. SUMMARY OF LECTURE 13 MINERALS-DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS MINERALS AS ANTIOXIDANTS

40. NEXT LECTURE – DIETARY MINERALS IN SPORTS