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Published byMagdalene Price Modified over 9 years ago
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What DNA (especially the Y Chromosome) Can Tell Us
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DNA Technology DNA Isolation Break apart membranes Remove proteins Precipitate DNA with alcohol
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DNA Technology Amplifying a Segment of DNA In vivo methods cloning in bacteria, yeast,... In vitro methods PCR (the polymerase chain reaction)
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DNA Technology Visualizing the DNA Gel electrophoresis
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DNA Technology Reading the DNA Fragment DNA sequencing Genome sequencing
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What DNA (especially the Y Chromosome) Can Tell Us
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Mining the Past Using Ancient DNA Using the DNA of Descendants
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DNA & Heredity DNA is the Genetic Material Most genes are on non-sex chromosomes (autosomes) in the nucleus Some genes are on sex chromosomes (X & Y) in the nucleus
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DNA & Heredity Autosomal Chromosomes Recombination (crossing over) makes the picture of your DNA’s past complex One of your #1 chromosomes is from your mother, one from your father, but... Due to recombination, that maternal chromosome is from both of your maternal grandparents...
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Autosomal Chromosomes
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DNA & Heredity: the Y A Male’s Y Chromosome Has a Simpler History The Y does not (usually) undergo recombination, so your Y is exactly like your father’s, your paternal grandfather’s,... (except for rare mutational events)
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Y Chromosome
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These Very Rare Mutational Events Are Traceable Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) -- single base changes Indels (insertions and deletions) Others, like variations in the number of repeated units DNA & Heredity: the Y
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A Set of These Variations on One Y is a Haplotype Haplotypes Reveal the History of the Y Chromosome Phylogenies can be built based on the fewest mutational events needed to produce the different haplotypes seen (haplogroups) With assumptions, the time since divergence can be estimated DNA & Heredity: the Y
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Y Chromosome
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or ?
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This presentation is online: Samford main page: search David Johnson Select: “daj’s Home” Select: “What DNA Can Tell Us”
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