2. Please follow along and fill in your notes page as you move through the powerpoint! Press F5 to begin!

3. See the dough rising? Fermentation causes that!!

4. Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 Step 1: Glycolysis Where? In cytoplasm What happens? A) Glucose (from our food) is broken down into 2 pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) B) 2 ATP molecules released for cellular processes C C C ATP Mitochondrion En- zyme C C C You’ve seen this before! Hopefully you remember.

5. What’s after Glycolysis? Glycolysis –Creates: 2 ATP & 2 Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) –Leads to either: 1)Aerobic Respiration With oxygen present Kreb’s Cycle Electron transport chain 2)Anaerobic Respiration Without oxygen Fermentation Allows glycolysis to restart O2 No O 2 glycolysis fermentation ATP Anaerobic Respiration is just another name for fermentation… Why do you think that is?

6. Step 2: Fermentation Two Types of Fermentation (both anaerobic): A) Lactic Acid fermentation –Performed by animals when muscle cells are not receiving O 2 –Lactic acid waste created B) Alcoholic fermentation –Performed by yeast, some plants, bacteria –Alcohol waste created During prolonged exercise, the oxygen you inhale mainly goes to your brain. Your muscles are now lacking oxygen. Muscle cells perform fermentation to keep you going! How to relieve sore muscles: 1)Massage 2)Bananas 3)Stretch after 4)Hydrate Yeast perform alcoholic fermentation to make bread. Why isn’t bread alcoholic? Alcohol evaporates in the baking process Pause your notes and click on the play button link to the right. Don’t forget to come back to your notes.

7. Lactic Acid vs. Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Location: Cytoplasm Amount of ATP created: Zero The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis Waste: Lactic acid Alcoholic Location: Cytoplasm Amount of ATP created: Zero The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis Waste: Alcohol and CO 2 glycolysis Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid Alcohol + CO 2

8. Glycolysis Where? In the cytoplasm What happens? Glucose is split into 2 Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) 2 ATP created Fermentation Where? In the cytoplasm What happens? Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) are broken into either lactic acid or alcohol Molecules to restart glycolysis created (No ATP) Aerobic Respiration Where? In the mitochondria Steps? Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain What happens? 2 Pyruvate (2 - 3 carbon molecules) create up to 36 ATPs With oxygen present If oxygen is lacking Glycolysis restarts

9. Public Service Announcement: Proper Use of Alcohol I know some of the pictures are silly, but the effects of poor decisions are serious. Please do not ever get in car with someone who has been drinking behind the wheel. Although you may not know, I do care about each of you and your well-being very much and hope that you all make good decisions, not only in high school, but college, and beyond!

10. The Maple Center Counseling Safe Rides are available on Friday and Saturday nights from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am for teens living in Beverly Hills. High school students can call for a free ride home when they are under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol. When the teenager calls the Safe Ride number, the TMCC counselor assigned to the 24-hour HELP-LINE arranges for that teen to be picked up by the Beverly Hills Cab Company and taken home. Services are confidential. Call (888) 654-3211 for a free ride home. Like I said, this is serious. There are too many injuries and people taken too soon due to poor choices. This number is on the back of your ID card. In no way are we promoting drinking or partying- we just want you to be safe, in the event you find yourself in a predicament.

11. Review 1)Name the two types of fermentation. 2)How much ATP does glycolysis create? 3)How much ATP does fermentation create? 4)Which molecule is broken down during glycolysis? 5)A buildup of which molecule causes sore muscles? 6)Which waste molecules are created by alcoholic fermentation? 7)Which waste molecules are created by lactic acid fermentation? 8)Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? What does this mean? 9)Why is aerobic respiration preferred vs. fermentation? Answer these questions on your paper- Mr. Kraft will be checking them before you leave!